预见性政府视阈下的中国公共危机管理问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 14:16

本文关键词： 预见性政府公共危机管理风险社会　出处：《云南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以预见性政府理论为分析视角,以文献分析法、系统分析与个案分析结合法、比较分析法、多学科交叉研究方法,研究转型期我国的公共危机管理。预见性政府是具有强烈风险和危机意识的、重在削减发展成本、注重可持续发展的政府,是建立在风险社会理论、新公共管理理论和新公共服务理论、治理和善治理论基础上的新型政府治理模式。预见性政府具有强烈的风险意识、前瞻型公共政策、防控性治理体系和多元化治理主体等特征。预见性政府的这些理念能够推进我国公共管危机管理的创新,推进公共危机管理更加注重预防,完善危机预警机制,完善危机应对的体制机制,更加发挥好政府与企业和社会组织的协同作用。当前中国政府在公共危机管理取得了一定成绩,其预见性有了一定提升,如危机预警意识提高,应急预案逐步完备；政府职能积极转变,应急体制基本完善；体系运转灵敏高效,应急机制逐渐健全；法律法规从无到有,制度建设不断完善。但也存在一定问题,如法律法规不完善、组织体系不健全；管理主体单一、社会力量参与度低；风险评估缺乏、政府公信力下降；宣传教育不足、公众危机意识差；信息公开不够、媒体应对能力弱等。具体从昆明“3·01”暴恐案件看,还需要进一步转变管理理念,重视对公共危机的预防；完善危机预警、多种渠道搜集情报信息；加强治安防控、做好公共场所重点排查；增强预案演练、重视警务人员实战训练；强化危机意识、提高社会公众避险能力；提高媒体素养、主动化解社会舆论危机。当前,西方发达国家在预见性政府建设和公共危机管理方面都积累了很多经验,美国、日本、英国等国的经验都启示我们，我国的预见性政府建设和公共危机管理要健全法律法规、整合社会资源、强化危机意识、强化风险评估。总体而言,当前我国的预见性政府视阈下的公共危机管理可以从以下几个方面加以完善：创新危机管理理念、完善相关法律法规；加强部门联动协作、健全管理体制机制；加强风险识别预警、提高政府预见能力；有效整合应急资源、建立多元管理体系；开展危机教育培训、培养国民危机意识；充分发挥媒体作用、主动引导舆论宣传。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of predictive government theory, this paper studies the public crisis management in China during the transition period from the perspective of literature analysis, the combination of systematic analysis and case analysis, comparative analysis and multidisciplinary cross-research. Predictive government has a strong sense of risk and crisis. It is based on the theory of risk society, the theory of new public management and the theory of new public service, which focuses on cutting development costs and paying attention to sustainable development. A new model of government governance based on governance and good governance. Predictive government has a strong sense of risk and forward-looking public policy. These concepts of predictive government can promote the innovation of crisis management of public management in China, promote public crisis management to pay more attention to prevention and improve the crisis warning mechanism. Improve the institutional mechanism for crisis response, and give full play to the synergy between the government and enterprises and social organizations. At present, the Chinese government has made certain achievements in public crisis management, and its foresight has been improved, such as the improvement of crisis warning consciousness and the gradual completion of emergency preparedness plans; The government functions have been changed actively and the emergency system has been basically improved; The operation of the system is sensitive and efficient, and the emergency mechanism is gradually improved; Laws and regulations come into existence from scratch, and the system construction is constantly consummated. However, there are still some problems, such as imperfect laws and regulations, imperfect organizational system; The main body of management is single and the participation of social forces is low; The lack of risk assessment leads to a decline in the credibility of the government; Inadequate publicity and education, poor public awareness of the crisis; The information disclosure is not enough and the media's ability to deal with it is weak. From the case of "3.01" violent terrorism in Kunming, it is necessary to further change the management concept and pay attention to the prevention of public crisis. Perfect the crisis early warning, collect intelligence information through various channels; Strengthen public security prevention and control, do a good job of public places key investigation; To strengthen the practice of plan preparation and pay attention to the actual combat training of police personnel; Strengthen the consciousness of crisis and improve the ability of the public to avoid risks; Improve media literacy and actively resolve the crisis of public opinion. At present, the western developed countries have accumulated a lot of experience in predictive government construction and public crisis management, and the experience of the United States, Japan, Britain and other countries all enlighten us. It is necessary to perfect laws and regulations, integrate social resources, strengthen crisis consciousness and strengthen risk assessment in the construction of predictable government and public crisis management. In general, the public crisis management under the foresight of our government can be improved from the following aspects: innovating the concept of crisis management, perfecting the relevant laws and regulations; Strengthen the coordination between departments and improve the management system and mechanism; Strengthen the risk identification and early warning, improve the ability of the government to foresee; Effective integration of emergency resources, the establishment of a pluralistic management system; Carry out crisis education and training, train national crisis consciousness; Give full play to the role of the media, the initiative to guide public opinion propaganda.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D63

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