基于三维电子沙盘的参与式乡村历史景观评估:以贵州省对门山村为例

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:37

  本文选题：参与式 + 乡村历史景观　； 参考：《中国生态农业学报》2017年10期

【摘要】：梳理乡村历史景观的变化规律可以为乡村可持续发展提供决策治理依据和路径。如何利用被当地村民更容易接受的方式挖掘其景观记忆和乡土知识,复原其乡村历史景观,并对其进行整体评估,至今存在研究方法和支撑手段的难点。本文以贵州省贞丰县对门山村为例,利用自主研发的三维电子沙盘工具,结合参与式乡村评估技术,由当地村民自主复原了1958年、1980年、1995年和2015年4个时期的历史景观。使用三维电子沙盘的分析工具对复原的历史景观进行土地利用、生态服务价值和景观格局指标的分析。结果显示:不同时期历史景观客观评估数据的变化与本村导致景观变化的重要历史事件具有极强的关联性:虽然1980年分田到户,但由于当地条件限制,村民的生产生活方式并没有结构性变化,也使得村庄的景观没有明显变化。而1995年开始大范围种植烟草后,对门山村水田比例快速下降,现阶段基本和旱地比例持平。这也直接导致水田(湿地的一种类型)作为生态服务价值重要贡献者数量减少,整个范围生态服务价值下降明显。此外,由于近20年来,各类公共管理与服务设施的快速增加和均匀分布,使得景观多样性呈显著增长。可以认为,三维电子沙盘在本次对乡村历史景观调查中首次获得了较好的应用,通过有效的技术手段解决了以往规划者与当地村民信息交流和沟通过程不畅的技术问题。
[Abstract]:Combing the changing law of rural historical landscape can provide the basis and path for rural sustainable development. How to excavate their landscape memory and local knowledge, restore their rural historical landscape, and evaluate it as a whole by using the more easily accepted way by local villagers, so far, there are difficulties in the research methods and supporting means. In this paper, with the example of Dongmenshan Village in Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province, the historical landscape of four periods, 1958, 1980, 1995 and 2015, was recovered by local villagers with the help of a 3D electronic sand table tool developed by ourselves and a participatory village assessment technique. The land use, ecological service value and landscape pattern index of the restored historical landscape were analyzed by using the three-dimensional electronic sand table. The results show that the change of objective evaluation data of historical landscape in different periods has a strong correlation with the important historical events leading to landscape change in this village: although it was divided into fields to households in 1980, it was restricted by local conditions. There is no structural change in the way of production and life of the villagers, and there is no obvious change in the landscape of the village. After tobacco planting began in 1995, the proportion of paddy fields in Dongmenshan Village decreased rapidly, and the proportion of paddy fields was basically equal to that of dry land at this stage. This directly leads to the decrease of paddy fields (a type of wetland) as an important contributor to the value of ecological services, and the decrease of the value of ecological services in the whole range. In addition, due to the rapid increase and uniform distribution of various public management and service facilities in the past 20 years, landscape diversity has increased significantly. It can be concluded that the 3D electronic sand table has been applied in the survey of rural historical landscape for the first time, and has solved the technical problems of information exchange and communication between planners and local villagers through effective technical means.
【作者单位】： 天津大学建筑学院;国家住宅与居住环境工程技术研究中心;北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院;中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所;山西大学环境与资源学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401208) 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所所长青年基金项目(Y5SJ1100CX) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAJ02B01)资助~~
【分类号】：TU982.29
，

本文编号：2041848