行政法视野下的“行政三分制”改革

发布时间：2018-10-24 09:34

【摘要】：“行政三分制”是将行政权按照行政职能划分为决策权、执行权和监督权的一种行政体制改革方案。“行政三分制”体现了宪法上的分权理论、人权保障理论，行政法上的控权理论、法治政府理论，行政管理学上的新公共管理论等。在实践上也有英国执行局化改革等成功的案例，日益成为当前各国政治体制改革的新思路。深圳作为中国改革开放的试验田，其成功的实践不仅在经济体制上为社会主义市场经济闯出了一套道路，如今又在试行“行政三分制”改革，意图推动中国政治体制改革。深圳市“行政三分制”改革取得了一定成果，但现行的“行政三分制”试点仍存在缺乏宪法层面支撑；未能完全实现行政权内部的分立与制衡；保障公民权利、强化政府服务职能的制度安排不足等缺陷。欲完善行政三分制，不能仅将“行政三分制”看作是行政权的理性约束和自我限制，必须把这种改革方案放置于整个宪政体制改革的背景之下，完善宪法，明确注入国家机关分权制衡的宪政精神；进一步深化落实决策、执行和监督权力运行机制改革，推动行政决策的科学化、民主化，，行政执行的专业化、规范化，建立绩效评估制度，落实行政问责制，强化行政监督；结合“行政三分制”，推动公务员制度、政府机构职能及其配置等配套机制的纵深发展。
[Abstract]:"Administrative trisection" is an administrative system reform scheme that divides administrative power into decision-making power, executive power and supervisory power according to administrative functions. The "administrative three-point system" embodies the theory of separation of powers in the constitution, the theory of human rights protection, the theory of controlling power in administrative law, the theory of government ruled by law, the theory of new public management in administrative management, and so on. In practice, there are also successful cases such as the reform of the British Executive Board, which has increasingly become a new way of political system reform in various countries. As an experimental field of China's reform and opening up, Shenzhen's successful practice not only blazed a set of paths for the socialist market economy in economic system, but also tried out the "administrative three-point system" reform, with the intention of pushing forward the reform of China's political system. Some achievements have been made in the reform of the "administrative three-point system" in Shenzhen, but the current "administrative three-point system" still lacks constitutional support, fails to fully realize the separation and checks and balances within the executive power, and guarantees the civil rights. Strengthen the system arrangement of government service function is insufficient and so on. In order to perfect the administrative three-point system, we should not only regard the "administrative three-point system" as the rational restriction and self-restriction of the executive power, we must put this reform scheme under the background of the whole constitutional system reform and perfect the constitution. To clearly inject the constitutional spirit of the separation of powers and checks and balances of state organs, to further deepen the implementation of decision-making, to implement and supervise the reform of the operating mechanism of power, to promote the scientific, democratic, specialized and standardized administrative decision-making, Establish the performance evaluation system, implement the administrative accountability system, strengthen the administrative supervision, and combine the "administrative three-point system" to promote the further development of the supporting mechanisms, such as the civil service system, the functions of government organs and their disposition.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.1

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