城乡环境卫生管理长效机制建设研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 07:58

【摘要】：城市环境卫生水平的提高,不但有助于改善居民生活环境、消除疾病、提高健康水平,同时也有助于改善城市的人居和投资环境,促进城市经济发展、社会文明。环境卫生状况的提高,自然离不开治理,然而无论是政府主导的运用行政手段开展的专项治理,还是引入社会与民间机构进行的市场化治理,都还停留在单纯治理上,此类治理在短时期内效果明显,但是由于缺乏长效机制的约束,导致治理成果难以长期保持,陷入了治理方与治理对象此消彼长,重复治理的怪圈,在消耗了大量人力物力之后仍不能彻底解决问题。就我国环境卫生治理的现状来看,由于政府长期对环卫部门的集中控制导致市场化的普及程度不高以及居民对政府的依赖程度过高等原因致使政府疲于环境卫生治理。因此建立起成熟的环境卫生市场的次序和长效管理机制,将环境卫生管理纳入专业化、法制化、市场化轨道,以不断巩固和提高已创建的现有成果,不但是城市化发展的必然需求,同时也是转变政府职能、满足居民不断提高的生存环境要求的必然选择。通过综合研究国内外理论文献,笔者发现学者们大多关注新公共管理理论指引下的政府改革、城市管理模式变革等宏观视角,而将目光聚焦于与市民生活质量休戚相关却不易被察觉的环境卫生治理方面的系统管理的课题还比较少。近十年来,国家与各省市自治区纷纷开展卫生市、卫生镇创建活动,在创建活动的推动下,如何建立一套科学的城市卫生长效管理机制也开始被各级政府和各方学者所重视和关注。城市建设的发展背景下如何解决环境卫生这一民生问题,使城市建构起符合城市经济社会和科学发展观,与市场经济发展相协调的城市环境卫生管理制度,是本文研究的主要问题。本文的目标是：基于城市公共环境卫生研究的分散性、特殊性和实践性,以及该领域的发展现状和趋势,通过对公共管理理论等研究,对城乡环境卫生管理的监、管、干机制形成关于长效机制的模式及其建设途径和办法的研究报告,为政府改进环境卫生管理提供参考建议。本文通过对当前环境卫生治理工作的分析和对建立环境卫生长效管理机制的研究得出几点结论和建议：第一,环境卫生具有公共性、整体性及共享性的特点,对整个社会的影响广泛而深入,是关乎国计民生的重要问题。第二,解决环境卫生问题不能仅仅停留在治理上,应当加快从单一治理转变为长效管理的步伐。第三,建议政府建立环境卫生管理长效机制,并通过汾湖高新区环境卫生长效管理机制所取得的成效加以论述。
[Abstract]:The improvement of urban environmental sanitation not only helps to improve the living environment of residents, eliminate diseases, and improve the health level, but also helps to improve the living environment and investment environment of cities, promote the development of urban economy and social civilization. The improvement of the environmental hygiene situation is naturally inseparable from governance. However, whether it is a special governance led by the government through the use of administrative means or market-oriented governance carried out by introducing social and non-governmental institutions, it is still confined to pure governance. The effect of this kind of governance is obvious in a short period of time, but because of the lack of the restriction of long-term mechanism, it is difficult to maintain the results of governance for a long time. After consuming a lot of manpower and material resources, the problem can not be solved completely. In view of the current situation of environmental health governance in China, the government is tired of environmental health management because of the lack of marketization due to the centralized control of the sanitation sector for a long time and the excessive dependence of the residents on the government. Therefore, the order and long-term management mechanism of the mature environmental health market should be established, and environmental health management should be brought into the track of specialization, legalization and marketization, in order to continuously consolidate and improve the existing achievements that have been created. It is not only the inevitable demand of urbanization development, but also the inevitable choice of changing government function and meeting the living environment requirements of residents. Through a comprehensive study of domestic and foreign theoretical literature, the author finds that scholars mostly pay attention to the macro perspective of government reform, urban management model change and so on under the guidance of the new public management theory. However, there are few subjects that focus on the systematic management of environmental health management, which is closely related to the quality of life of the people. In the past decade, the state, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have carried out health city and town building activities one after another, driven by the creation activities. How to establish a set of scientific long-term management mechanism of urban health has also begun to be paid attention to by all levels of government and scholars. Under the background of the development of urban construction, how to solve the problem of environmental hygiene, make the city construct a management system of urban environmental hygiene, which accords with the urban economic, social and scientific development, and coordinates with the development of market economy. It is the main problem of this paper. The purpose of this paper is: based on the dispersion, particularity and practicality of the study of urban public environmental health, as well as the present situation and trend of development in this field, the supervision and management of urban and rural environmental health management are carried out through the study of the theory of public management and so on. The dry mechanism forms the research report on the mode of long-acting mechanism and the ways and means of its construction, and provides reference suggestions for the government to improve the management of environmental hygiene. Based on the analysis of the current environmental health management and the research on the establishment of a long-term environmental health management mechanism, this paper draws several conclusions and suggestions: first, environmental health has the characteristics of public, integrity and sharing. The impact on the whole society is extensive and in-depth, is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Second, solving environmental health problems should not only stay on governance, but also speed up the transition from single governance to long-term management. Thirdly, it is suggested that the government should establish a long-term mechanism of environmental hygiene management, and discuss the effect of long-term environmental hygiene management mechanism in Fenhu High-tech Zone.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X321

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