可持续生计目标下的生态旅游发展模式——以河北白洋淀湿地自然保护区王家寨社区为例

发布时间：2018-01-06 04:29

本文关键词：可持续生计目标下的生态旅游发展模式——以河北白洋淀湿地自然保护区王家寨社区为例　出处：《生态学报》2014年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：由于"保护自然"和"社区受益"两大特征,生态旅游常作为缓解保护区与社区居民生计之间矛盾与冲突的手段和工具,它的作用体现于:1)能够为当地社区提供一种更具可持续性的生计方式;2)鼓励社区居民更直接的参与到保护区自然资源和环境的保护中去。基于可持续生计框架,建立了当生态旅游作为生计策略时,生计结果和生计资本的评价指标体系。以河北白洋淀湿地自然保护区王家寨社区作为调查对象,从农户角度入手,通过问卷调查结合访问的方法,一方面针对已将旅游作为生计策略的社区农户进行生计结果的评估,得出结论:在各利益相关者间收入分配的合理性、社区各项设施和服务质量的改善,以及对居民的环境教育方面,白洋淀旅游均未发挥其应有的作用;另一方面针对社区中生计策略未涉及旅游成分的农户进行生计资本的评估,发现在金融资本、人力资本、社会资本三方面存量不足,因此限制了对旅游发展的参与。
[Abstract]:Because of the characteristics of "conservation of nature" and "community benefit", ecotourism is often used as a means and tool to alleviate conflicts and conflicts between protected areas and the livelihood of community residents. Its role is to provide a more sustainable way of livelihood for local communities; 2) encouraging community residents to participate more directly in the conservation of natural resources and the environment in protected areas. Based on the framework of sustainable livelihoods, ecotourism is established as a livelihood strategy. Taking Wangjiazhai community of Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve in Hebei Province as the investigation object, starting from the perspective of farmers, through questionnaire survey combined with the method of interview. On the one hand, based on the assessment of the livelihood outcomes of community farmers who have adopted tourism as a livelihood strategy, it concludes that the income distribution among stakeholders is reasonable, and the quality of community facilities and services is improved. And the environmental education of residents, Baiyangdian tourism did not play its due role; On the other hand, we evaluate the livelihood capital of farmers whose livelihood strategy is not involved in tourism, and find that the stock of financial capital, human capital and social capital is insufficient. This limits participation in the development of tourism.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学园林学院;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAJ24B05)
【分类号】：F592.7
【正文快照】： 人类对自然的不合理干扰导致生态系统破坏和生物多样性丧失,使人类自身的生存和发展受到了威胁。为了避免自食恶果的风险,自然保护区的建立应运而生。保护区并非孤立存在,它与周边社区有着密切的关系,在实施保护自然的过程中给当地社区发展带去了各种不便。社区居民依靠自然资

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