中国与俄罗斯开展国际旅游合作的策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 03:38

本文选题：中国 + 俄罗斯　；参考：《东北财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国和俄罗斯互为彼此最大的邻国,在国际旅游合作上的潜力十分巨大。中国是世界上人口最多、经济发展最快、唯一拥有五千多年未中断的文明传承的重要古国；俄罗斯是世界上面积最大、自然景观最丰富、典型的欧洲东正教文明与亚洲蒙古文明混合的新兴经济大国。中俄两国在中国的西北部(新疆维吾尔族自治区——阿尔泰共和国)和东北部(内蒙古自治区——赤塔州,黑龙江省——阿穆尔州、犹太自治州、哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区、滨海边疆区,吉林省——滨海边疆区)的边境地区合计有4350多公里的边境线,在中俄两国边境线两侧分布着如满洲里(中)、绥芬河(中)、黑河(中)、珲春(中)、牡丹江(中)、符拉迪沃斯托克(俄)、布拉戈维申斯克(俄)、哈巴罗夫斯克(俄)、比罗比詹(俄)、赤塔(俄)、阿金斯科耶(俄)、斯帕斯克(俄)等大大小小的数十个边贸城市,这些城市中的居民经常出入对方国境进行商贸活动或休闲旅游,是中俄双边旅游游客的重要组成部分。除此之外,在远离边境的两国腹地,俄罗斯的莫斯科、圣彼得堡、伊尔库茨克等和中国的北京、上海、三亚、大连、青岛、西安等地也都是吸引彼此游客的重要旅游目的地。就市场规模而言,当前中国与俄罗斯均为对方主要的入境旅游客源市场,游客的双向流动促进了两国乃至整个东北亚地区的旅游业及相关产业发展。2011年,中国共接待来自俄罗斯游客253.6万人次,其中由黑龙江省入境俄罗斯游客达到146.34万人次,占俄罗斯赴中国游客总数的57.7%；俄罗斯共接待中国游客约80万,由黑龙江出境赴俄罗斯游客为42.7万人,占中国赴俄旅游人数的50%以上。就游客空间流向而言,莫斯科、符拉迪沃斯托克、圣彼得堡是接待中国游客较多的城市,可见中国游客倾向于体验俄罗斯独特的异域人文风情,而非自然景观；三亚、大连、青岛、北戴河等地区则是最吸引俄罗斯游客的中国旅游目的地,可见中国最吸引俄罗斯游客的是热带和温带海滨休闲游,而以人文景观闻名的北京、西安等地对俄罗斯游客的吸引力相对较弱。近年来中俄两国的经贸交往日益密切,政治关系也呈现亲密化的发展势头。如1996年叶利钦访华,中俄两国正式宣布建立“平等信任、面向21世纪的战略协作伙伴关系”；2001年中俄两国签订了《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》之后,表示中俄两国人民要世代友好的走下去；此后在中国胡锦涛、习近平主席和俄罗斯普京及梅德韦杰夫总统分别执政期间,中俄两国还建成并深化了“全面战略协作伙伴关系”,使得两国关系走上了更高、更广阔的、更稳定的新台阶。此外,2006年和2007年中俄两国还相继举办了中国“俄罗斯年”和俄罗斯“中国年”活动,以促进两国人民相互了解；2012年举办的中国“俄罗斯旅游年”和2013年举办的俄罗斯“中国旅游年”活动则旨在促进两国人民的跨国流动,相互交流,推动两国旅游合作进一步拓宽、加深。当然,中俄旅游合作也面临一些实际困难和挑战,如双方腹地居民对彼此的旅游热情有待提升；双方的旅游签证办理手续有待简化：旅游市场秩序尚不规范,旅游收费不透明和借旅游之名进行赌博、走私等违法事件时有发生等。本文主要针对中俄两国国际旅游合作战略在以下层面展开研究：首先,从中俄两国各自的旅游资源、相关旅游政策和国际旅游市场开发状况三个层面,概括归纳中俄两国的旅游业发展概况。其次,将目光聚焦到中俄双边国际旅游合作上来,研究中俄双边旅游合作的发展历程以及在当前面临的重大机遇和存在的主要问题。最后,针对中俄两国开展国际旅游合作的现状在合作机制构建和吸引游客方式等方面提出策略建议,以供两国旅游管理部门和旅游相关从业者参考。
[Abstract]:China and Russia are each other's largest neighbouring countries and have great potential for international tourism cooperation. China is the world's largest population, the fastest economic development, the only important ancient country with more than 5000 years of uninterrupted civilization; Russia is the largest, most abundant and typical European orthodox civilization in the world. Asian and Mongolia civilizations are a new and emerging economic power. China and Russia are in the northwest of China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altai Republic) and Northeast (the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region - Chita, Heilongjiang Province - Amur, Jewish Autonomous Prefecture, Khabarovsk border area, coastal frontier region, Jilin Province - Coastal frontier. The border areas with a total of more than 4350 kilometres of border lines are distributed on both sides of the Sino Russian border line, such as Manchuria (central), Suifenhe (central), Heihe (central), Hunchun (central), Mudanjiang (central), Vladivostok (Russia), Manchuria, Khabarovsk (Russian), Khabarovsk (Russian), Chita (Russia), Chita (Russia), Akin Skou Jerzy (Russia), Russia), There are dozens of border trade cities, such as Pask (Russia), which often enter and go in and out of the country's borders for trade or leisure tourism, an important part of Sino Russian bilateral tourist attractions, in addition to the hinterland of the two countries, far from the border, Moscow, St Petersburg, Irkutsk, Russia, and the north of China. Beijing, Shanghai, Sanya, Dalian, Qingdao, Xi'an and other places are also important tourist destinations attracting tourists from each other.
As far as market scale is concerned, both China and Russia are the main entry tourist market of each other. The two-way flow of tourists has promoted the tourism and related industry development of the two countries and the whole Northeast Asia in.2011 years. China received 2 million 536 thousand visitors from Russia, of which the number of Russian tourists from Heilongjiang province reached 146. .34 tens of thousands of people, accounting for 57.7% of the total number of Russian visitors to China; Russia has a total of about 800 thousand Chinese tourists, 427 thousand from Heilongjiang, and more than 50% of the number of Chinese tourists to Russia. In terms of tourist space flow, Moscow, Vladivostok, and St Petersburg are the cities that receive more Chinese tourists. It is found that Chinese tourists tend to experience the unique foreign cultural customs of Russia, not the natural landscape; Sanya, Dalian, Qingdao, Beidaihe and other regions are the most attractive Chinese tourist destinations for Russian tourists. It is seen that the most attractive tourist attractions in China are tropical and temperate seaside leisure tours, and Beijing, Xi'an, which is famous for the cultural landscape, Xi'an and so on. The attractiveness of the Russian tourists is relatively weak.
In recent years, the economic and trade exchanges between China and Russia are becoming closer and closer, and the political relations have also shown close development momentum. For example, in 1996 Yeltsin visited China, China and Russia formally announced the establishment of "equal trust and strategic partnership for twenty-first Century"; after the Sino Russian Treaty of good neighborly and friendly cooperation between China and Russia in 2001, China and Russia expressed China and Russia The people want to go on on a friendly basis for generations; since then, during the period of Hu Jintao, President Xi Jinping and President Putin and Medvedev in Russia, the two countries have also built and deepened the "comprehensive strategic partnership", making the relations between the two countries higher, wider and more stable. In addition, 2006 and 2007 In addition, China and Russia also held the Chinese "Russian year" and the Russian "year of China" in order to promote mutual understanding between the two peoples. In 2012, the "Russian tourism year" held in China and the Russian "China Tourism Year" held in 2013 were aimed at promoting the transnational flow, exchange and promotion of the two countries. Tourism cooperation is further widened and deepened. Of course, Sino Russian tourism cooperation is also faced with some practical difficulties and challenges, such as the enthusiasm for tourism of the two sides of the two sides to promote each other; the procedures for dealing with tourism visas to be simplified: the tourist market order is not standard, the travel fees are not transparent and the tourist's name is gambling, smuggling and other violations. The occurrence of a law event occurs.
This paper mainly focuses on the following aspects of the international tourism cooperation strategy between China and Russia. First, it summarizes the development of tourism in China and Russia from three aspects of their respective tourism resources, related tourism policies and the development of international tourism market. Secondly, it will focus on the bilateral cooperation between China and Russia on bilateral international tourism cooperation. To study the development course of bilateral tourism cooperation between China and Russia and the major opportunities and main problems that are facing at present. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on the current situation of international tourism cooperation between China and Russia in the construction of cooperation mechanism and the way to attract tourists, for the reference of the tourism management departments of the two countries and the tourism related practitioners.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F592;F595.12

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