共建共享视野下旅游社区的协商治理研究——以鼓浪屿公共议事会为例

发布时间：2018-06-25 04:52

本文选题：旅游社区 + 协商　；参考：《旅游学刊》2017年10期

【摘要】：当下我国,社区治理是社会治理的主要领域。旅游社区是社区治理领域中较特殊的一类,只因其虽然具有相对固定的主体结构——居民、商家、游客和政府。但发展到一定程度,仍会产生传统治理模式失灵现象,而形成治理困境的直接原因是多元利益无法得到有序调和,主要体现在:一方面,社区成员认同感较低造成了社区既有的"熟人格局"解体,共同体内部规范逐渐失效;另一方面,行政管理者由于体制原因,难以形成行政协力以构建有效的外部治理体系。其治理困境的因素大抵包括成熟的社区、激增的人口和内涵丰富的旅游价值。针对此困境,鼓浪屿建立了多元主体协商平台的鼓浪屿公共议事会,重建旅游社区的整合功能。首先,鼓浪屿公共议事会不仅有效弥补了现行政府管理体制中以街道办为主的社区管理和以管委会为主的景区管理体系之间行政协调性不足的制度缺陷,而且从结构上联通了居民、市场(行业协会)和政府三方主体;其次,议事规则通过设置居民的表决权,重塑治理主体,提升居民认同感,继而为共同体内部规范的恢复提供了可能。根据顶层设计,鼓浪屿公共议事会是符合共建共享治理理念的程序性机制。通过对议事会的实证分析可知,在旅游社区的治理过程中,共建必须综合考量程序的可执行性、功能性和议事效率;共享则体现为以政府赋权于民为前提,依托程序,达至多元主体的功能性结构重整。但专业性不足以及程序工具主义的偏离倾向是目前阻碍其进一步发展的主要因素,因此需要议事专家的训练和专业人士提供指导。
[Abstract]:At present our country, community governance is the main field of social governance. Tourism community is a special category in the field of community governance, only because it has a relatively fixed main structure-residents, merchants, tourists and the government. However, to a certain extent, the failure of the traditional governance mode will still occur, and the direct reason for the difficulty of governance is that the pluralistic interests cannot be reconciled in an orderly manner, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: on the one hand, The low identity of community members results in the disintegration of the existing "acquaintance pattern" in the community and the gradual invalidation of the internal norms of the community. On the other hand, it is difficult for the administrative managers to form administrative cooperation in order to build an effective external governance system for institutional reasons. Some of the factors behind its woes include mature communities, soaring populations and rich tourism values. In view of this dilemma, Gulangyu set up a multi-agent consultation platform to rebuild the integration function of tourism community. First of all, the Gulangyu Public Council not only effectively made up for the deficiencies of the administrative coordination between the community management system, which is dominated by the street management system, and the scenic spot management system, which is dominated by the management committee, but also made up for the deficiencies of the administrative coordination system in the current government management system. Moreover, it links the residents, the market (trade associations) and the government in terms of structure. Secondly, by setting up the voting rights of the residents, the rules of procedure reshape the governance bodies and promote the identity of the residents. Then it provides the possibility for the recovery of the internal norms of the community. According to the top-level design, Gulangyu public council is in line with the concept of co-construction and shared governance of the procedural mechanism. Through the empirical analysis of the Board of Representatives, we can see that in the process of the governance of the tourism community, the co-construction must comprehensively consider the executable, functional and efficiency of the procedure, while the sharing is based on the premise of the government's empowerment to the people and relying on the procedure. To achieve the functional restructuring of multiple subjects. But the lack of professionalism and the deviant tendency of procedural instrumentalism are the main factors hindering their further development, so they need the training of experts and the guidance of professionals.
【作者单位】：厦门大学法学院;
【分类号】：D669.3;F592.7

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