黄岛输油管道爆炸事件中地方政府应急管理行为研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 01:08

本文选题：地方政府 + 突发事件　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,伴随着各类突发事件的频发,如何积极有效地应对突发事件成为人们普遍关注的焦点问题。地方政府作为国家权力执行与政策实施的代理者,其在突发事件中扮演着非常重要的角色。我国应急管理的正式研究起步较晚,口前政府在应急管理工作上取得了一定的成效,如科学应急预案的初步形成、应急管理工作制度的制定、相关法律体系的逐步完善等等。我国应急管理机制具有统一领导、分工负责、分级管理、条块结合等特点。应急管理能力是一个国家综合实力的重要体现,同时也是衡量政府工作绩效与职能实行的重要指标。本文主要以11·22黄岛输油管道爆炸事件为个案,分析了地方政府的应急管理行为,即地方政府在此次突发事件中有哪些作为,起到何种作用,存在哪些不足。尽管当地地方政府在事件发生后采取了相应的行动,但其应该采取的行动和实际行为之间却相差甚远。地方政府缺乏相应的应急预案、应急响应不及时、相关部门联动渠道不畅通等是这次事故暴露出的主要问题之一。总的来说,目前我国地方政府在突发事件的应急管理上主要存在这样的问题：重即时应急而轻前防后思的“事件—应急”机制、地方政府职能定位模糊执法不严、重单兵作战轻社会公众参与、重经济发展轻安全生产、重一元主体轻社会组织力量、重经验轻理论技术等。地方政府在应急管理中存在的职能模糊等种种问题有其深刻的社会根源。我国地方政府的应急管理行为弊端主要源于我国长期累积的体制性和治理模式弊端和地方政府之间经济上的“锦标赛体制”以及地方政府与企业的利益共谋。同时,中国人“报喜不报忧”的封建社会传统和危机教育的缺失以及干群关系紧张、政府社会公信力的缺失等都是造成目前地方政府应急管理行为弊端的重要原因。从突发事件的事前预防、事中控制和事后处置三阶段来看,要提升地方政府的应急管理能力,使地方政府能够更加积极有效地发挥作用,必须改变过去的事后应急机制,建立有效地事前预防机制。另外,要建立社会合作机制、改进信息发布机制、完善应急管理相关的法律法规。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of all kinds of emergencies, how to deal with emergencies actively and effectively has become the focus of attention. Local governments, as agents of state power execution and policy implementation, play a very important role in emergencies. The formal research of emergency management in our country started late, and the government has made some achievements in emergency management, such as the initial formation of scientific emergency plan, the establishment of emergency management system, the gradual improvement of relevant legal system, and so on. China's emergency management mechanism has the characteristics of unified leadership, division of labor and responsibility, hierarchical management, piecemeal integration, and so on. The ability of emergency management is an important embodiment of a country's comprehensive strength, and also an important indicator to measure the performance and function of the government. Taking the 11 22 Huangdao oil pipeline explosion as an example, this paper analyzes the emergency management behavior of the local government, that is, what the local government has done, played what role, and what shortcomings exist in the emergency. Although local governments took action after the incident, there was a big gap between what they should do and what they should do. One of the main problems exposed in the accident is the lack of corresponding emergency plans, the lack of timely emergency response and the lack of smooth linkage channels between the relevant departments. In general, at present, there are such problems in the emergency management of local governments in our country: the "event-emergency" mechanism, which puts emphasis on immediate emergency rather than on the front and back, is not strictly enforced by the local government in its vague orientation of its functions. It pays more attention to single combat and social public participation, to economic development than to safe production, to monolithic subjects, to social organization, to experience, to theory and technology, and so on. The local government's fuzzy function in emergency management has its profound social roots. The malpractice of emergency management of local government in our country is mainly due to the long-term accumulated malpractice of system and governance mode, the economic "championship system" between local governments and the collusion of interests between local governments and enterprises. At the same time, the lack of traditional feudal society, crisis education and the lack of credibility of the government are the main reasons for the malpractice of the local government's emergency management. In view of the three stages of prevention, control and disposal of emergencies in advance, in order to enhance the emergency management capacity of local governments and enable local governments to play a more active and effective role, it is necessary to change the ex post emergency mechanism in the past. Establish an effective preventive mechanism in advance. In addition, it is necessary to establish social cooperation mechanism, improve the mechanism of information release, and improve the laws and regulations related to emergency management.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

【相似文献】