易地移民搬迁对农户生态系统服务依赖度的影响——来自陕南的证据

发布时间：2018-06-13 13:21

本文选题：易地移民搬迁 + 生态系统服务　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年11期

【摘要】：为从微观农户视角分析易地移民搬迁对生态系统服务依赖度的影响,本文构建了农户生态系统服务依赖度指数,将农户从生态系统服务中获取的各种收益进行整合和量化,利用在陕南安康地区的入户调研数据,对比分析不同搬迁类型和特征家庭的生态系统服务收益和依赖度差异,并进一步检验易地移民搬迁对农户生态系统服务依赖度的影响。结果发现:搬迁户获得的生态系统总净收益、供给、调节、文化等服务净收益以及社会经济净收益均高于非搬迁户;不同搬迁特征的农户之间的生态系统服务依赖度差异显著;易地移民搬迁工程的实施能有效的降低农户对生态系统服务的依赖程度,参与易地移民搬迁有利于农户收入结构的优化,在降低从生态系统获取供给服务的同时,也提高了社会经济收入所占比重;自愿搬迁、集中安置和新阶段的移民等特征也在降低农户对生态系统服务的依赖上起到了积极作用,自愿搬迁的农户比非自愿搬迁农户能更好的应对和适应向非资源依赖型生计模式的转变。集中安置的方式能够产生一定的规模效应和政策溢出,使农户有机会获得更多配套和后续支持,从而提高对外部机会和资源的占有能力,拓宽非资源型收入的途径,此外,新阶段易地移民搬迁工程所提供的惠民措施和补贴力度都较以往零星的自主搬迁有较大提高,同时也强调搬迁农户在非农转变过程中的自我发展能力的建设和引导。本研究为实现生态系统服务与家庭福祉在微观尺度的结合提供路径支持和方法借鉴,也为新时期易地扶贫搬迁政策的持续推进提供启示。
[Abstract]:In order to analyze the impact of migration on the dependence of ecosystem services from the perspective of micro-farmers, this paper constructs an index of dependence on ecosystem services, which integrates and quantifies all kinds of benefits obtained by farmers from ecosystem services. Based on the data of household survey in Ankang area of southern Shaanxi, the differences of income and dependence of ecosystem services among different relocation types and families were analyzed, and the effects of relocation of migrants on the dependence of ecosystem services on farmers were further tested. The results showed that the total net income of ecosystem, the net income of supply, regulation, culture and social economy of the relocation households were higher than those of the non-moving households, and the dependence degree of ecosystem services among the farmers with different relocation characteristics was significantly different. The implementation of relocation project can effectively reduce the dependence of farmers on ecosystem services, participate in migration is conducive to the optimization of the income structure of farmers, while reducing the supply of services from the ecosystem at the same time, It also increases the share of social and economic income, and features such as voluntary relocation, centralized resettlement and new stages of migration have also played a positive role in reducing farmers' dependence on ecosystem services. Voluntary relocation of farmers than involuntary relocation of farmers can better cope with and adapt to the transition to the non-resource-dependent livelihood model. The way of centralized resettlement can produce certain scale effect and policy spillover, so that farmers have the opportunity to get more supporting and follow-up support, so as to improve their ability to occupy external opportunities and resources, and broaden the channels of non-resource-based income, in addition, The benefits and subsidies provided by the new stage of relocation project are much higher than those of the previous sporadic independent relocation, and the construction and guidance of the self-development ability of the relocated farmers in the process of non-agricultural transformation are also emphasized. This study provides path support and method reference for realizing the combination of ecosystem services and family welfare on the micro scale, and also provides inspiration for the sustainable promotion of poverty alleviation and relocation policy in the new era.
【作者单位】：西安交通大学经济与金融学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目“生态扶贫政策下西部贫困山区生态与生计耦合机制及减贫效应的理论与实证研究——以陕南移民搬迁工程为例”(批准号:71673219);“西部重点生态功能区农村社区参与旅游发展的途径、减贫机制与可持续发展研究——以陕南为例”(批准号:71573205) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“区域发展政策背景下西部山区农户的响应、可持续生计系统及政策评价”(批准号:SKZD16009) 摩尔基金资助项目“联接自然资本与人类福祉:实践的新框架、工具与应用”(批准号:3953)
【分类号】：D632.4;X171.1

【相似文献】