基于心理因素和出口位置的室内人员疏散建模及复杂特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 21:21

本文选题：行人流 + 格子气　；参考：《广西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的飞速发展,城市化进程加快,城市人口不断增加,公共场所人员密集程度随之增高,人员聚集场所的各种事故也日益增多。为了减少人员聚集场所意外事故的发生和损害,非常有必要对人员疏散的规律和建筑物结构进行研究。在突发事故发生情况下,人员在疏散过程中会受到很多因素的影响,如周围环境,行人的行为习惯、心理等,因此人员疏散的过程是一个非常复杂的物理过程。本文在前人模型的基础上,利用计算机对行人疏散进行研究。通过研究在疏散过程中行人心理因素和建筑物出口位置对行人疏散效率的影响,分析影响行人疏散效率的原因,并探讨了建筑物出口设计的合理性。本文的主要工作如下：1.从行为建模思想出发,在Tajima格子气模型基础上,考虑不同空间环境下行人的潜意识行为,为了刻画行人疏散过程中的偏向选择及决策行为,建立了具有潜意识效应的人群应急疏散格子气模型。数值模拟了大厅内人群疏散的动力学行为,并探讨了潜意识行为作用空间大小、潜意识行为偏向强度、出口宽度、系统大小及人员密度等因素对人群疏散效率的影响。结果表明：拓展的格子气模型能够真实地再现疏散过程中出现的“成拱”现象；潜意识行为能够有效地提高人群的疏散效率；饱和流量和疏散时间对出口宽度具有确定的标度关系。2.为了研究行人心理因素及楼层出口的位置对行人疏散效率的影响,建立相应的元胞自动机人员疏散模型,对楼层出口在室内、外墙时的人员疏散效率进行了研究。数值模拟了在单楼梯出口时,楼梯出口位置和人员密度对疏散时间的影响,以及在双楼梯出口时,楼层出口宽度之差与疏散效率的关系。结果表明：当楼层只有一个出口并且出口位于楼层边墙正中且出口向内时,疏散时间最短。当出口宽度、系统大小一定时,行人的疏散时间随初始密度的增加而增加。在出口总宽度一定时,对于不同大小的楼层,设计一个出口的疏散时间总比两个出口的疏散时间长。而对两出口宽度进行设计时,出口宽度之差应尽量取小值。3.针对实际中的中庭式建筑物,在地场模型基础上,考虑中庭式建筑物楼层出口与行人疏散的关系,建立了相应的人群疏散模型,对楼层出口在室内及在外墙和中庭时的人员疏散效率进行了研究。数值模拟研究了中庭式建筑物中人群疏散的动力学行为,并探讨了出口位置以及数量对行人疏散效率的影响。结果表明：当只有一个出口时,出口设在外墙正中间时,疏散时间较短,且密度越大越明显。当有两个出口时,出口位置设在中庭斜对侧时疏散时间最短,两出口宽度相等时疏散效率最高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the process of urbanization is speeding up, the urban population is increasing, the density of people in public places is increasing, and the accidents in the places where people gather are also increasing day by day. In order to reduce the occurrence and damage of accidents, it is necessary to study the rules of evacuation and the structure of buildings. In the case of sudden accidents, people will be affected by many factors in the evacuation process, such as the surrounding environment, pedestrian behavior, psychology and so on, so the evacuation process is a very complex physical process. In this paper, based on previous models, pedestrian evacuation is studied by computer. By studying the influence of pedestrian psychological factors and building exit location on pedestrian evacuation efficiency, the causes of pedestrian evacuation efficiency are analyzed, and the reasonableness of building exit design is discussed. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. Based on the Tajima lattice gas model, the subconscious behavior of pedestrians in different spatial environments is considered in order to depict the bias selection and decision-making behavior in the process of pedestrian evacuation. A population emergency evacuation lattice gas model with subconscious effect is established. The dynamic behavior of crowd evacuation in the hall is simulated numerically, and the effects of the size of subconscious action space, the intensity of subconscious behavior bias, the exit width, the system size and the population density on the evacuation efficiency are discussed. The results show that the extended lattice gas model can truly reproduce the "arch" phenomenon in the evacuation process, and the subconscious behavior can effectively improve the evacuation efficiency of the crowd. Saturation flow and evacuation time have a definite scale relation to outlet width. In order to study the influence of pedestrian psychological factors and the location of floor exit on pedestrian evacuation efficiency, the corresponding cellular automata evacuation model was established, and the evacuation efficiency was studied when the floor exit was indoors and the exterior wall. The effects of exit location and density on evacuation time and the relationship between the exit width and evacuation efficiency are numerically simulated. The results show that the evacuation time is the shortest when there is only one exit and the exit is in the middle of the side wall of the floor and the exit is inward. When the exit width and system size are constant, the pedestrian evacuation time increases with the increase of initial density. When the total exit width is constant, the evacuation time of one exit is longer than that of two exits for different size floors. When designing the width of the two exits, the difference of the width of the exit should be as small as possible. 3. Based on the ground field model and considering the relationship between floor exit of atrium building and pedestrian evacuation, the corresponding crowd evacuation model is established for the actual atrium building. The evacuation efficiency of floor exit in indoor and exterior walls and atrium was studied. The dynamic behavior of evacuation in atrium building was studied numerically, and the influence of exit location and quantity on the efficiency of pedestrian evacuation was discussed. The results show that when there is only one exit, when the exit is in the middle of the outer wall, the evacuation time is shorter and the density is more obvious. When there are two exits, the evacuation time is the shortest when the exit is located on the opposite side of the atrium, and the evacuation efficiency is the highest when the width of the two exits is equal.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035

【参考文献】