注意力、时间和知识：我国政府决策的核心影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 06:45

【摘要】：科学技术在丰富人们生活的同时,增加了公共领域的复杂性,这种复杂性既表现为公共问题难以用单个主体的知识或技术解决,又表现在多元参与主体之间存在的意见分歧与利益冲突。于是,原有的治理模式已经无法应对和克服层出不穷的不确定性,需要根据不确定性和复杂性思考新的治理方案,政府则需要积极地适应新的环境,适时地做出科学有效的决策。当前我国社会正处于转型时期,政府决策过程中的“长官意志”与“本位主义”依然存在,亟需对政府决策环境深入研究,以便弄清在复杂和不确定的行政生态环境下政府决策失效失误的原因。与此同时,国内外不同学科领域的研究者对决策影响因素的理论探讨一直没有停歇,对政府决策内部影响因素和外部影响因素做了比较深入的探讨,却均未对政府决策影响因素的作用分类进行系统梳理。在这样的现实需求与理论背景之下,本研究通过对国内外相关文献的综述分析,将政府决策的影响因素分为可能的影响因素、可重合的影响因素和核心影响因素,结合不同学者有关决策会受到注意力、时问和知识的制约研究,运用理论演绎的方法得出：注意力、时间和知识发挥的作用是渗透在其他影响因素之中的,这三种因素才是影响政府决策过程的核心因素。在服务型政府理论的指导下,我国政府决策模式朝着开放、协商、合作的方向迈进,政府决策追求的价值目标是科学化、民主化和高效化。注意力、时间和知识因素对政府决策的制约效应分别但不均衡分布在科学决策、民主决策、高效决策的过程中。本研究运用系统分析和案例分析的方法,分别阐述注意力因素、时间因素、知识因素对政府决策的影响机理以及优化对策。文章认为,注意力通过五个引发要素作用在政府决策议程建立和决策方案选择阶段。时间通过时间限制、时间压力、节奏和时机对政府决策施加特定的情境效应。知识应用在政府决策过程中受到知识转化、知识转移、知识共享的障碍化影响。为了不断地探索推进科学决策、民主决策、高效决策的方法,需要合理地配置政府注意力、有效地把握决策时机、科学地运用决策知识。为此,就需要打破政府低速运转的状况、改善决策者的拖延症状、降低决策失误率,提高政府对复杂和不确定性的外部环境的适应性,这些均需要在三种核心影响因素的互动与整合中共同推进。对政府决策核心影响因素的上述研究,有助于合理掌握政府决策过程中的注意力边界、时间边界与知识边界,有助于积极培养决策者的应变能力和决断能力,从而为政府制定出经得起实践检验的决策提供理论支持。
[Abstract]:Science and technology not only enrich people's life, but also increase the complexity of public domain. This complexity shows that public problems are difficult to solve with the knowledge or technology of a single subject. The difference of opinion and the conflict of interest between the multi-participants. As a result, the original governance model has been unable to cope with and overcome the endless uncertainty, need to think about new governance programs according to uncertainty and complexity, and the government needs to actively adapt to the new environment. Make scientific and effective decisions at the right time. At present, the society of our country is in a period of transformation, and the "will of the chief" and "localism" in the process of government decision-making still exist, so it is urgent to study the environment of government decision making in depth. In order to find out the reasons for the failure of government decision-making in the complex and uncertain administrative ecological environment. At the same time, researchers in different disciplines at home and abroad have never stopped discussing the influencing factors of decision-making, and have made a deep discussion on the internal and external factors of government decision-making. However, they have not systematically sorted out the role of government decision-making factors. Under such a realistic demand and theoretical background, through the review and analysis of the relevant literature at home and abroad, the influencing factors of government decision are divided into possible factors, coincident influencing factors and core influencing factors. Combined with the research of different scholars on the restriction of attention, time and knowledge, it is concluded that the effect of attention, time and knowledge is permeated into other influencing factors by the method of theoretical deduction. These three factors are the core factors that affect the government decision-making process. Under the guidance of the theory of service-oriented government, the decision-making mode of our government moves towards the direction of openness, consultation and cooperation. The value target of government decision-making is scientific, democratization and high efficiency. The restrictive effects of attention, time and knowledge factors on government decision-making are respectively but unevenly distributed in the process of scientific, democratic and efficient decision-making. This study uses the method of systematic analysis and case analysis to expound the influence mechanism of attention factor, time factor, knowledge factor on government decision and the optimization countermeasure. The paper holds that attention plays an important role in the establishment of government decision-making agenda and the selection of decision plan through the action of five triggering factors. Time exerts a specific situational effect on government decision through time limitation, time pressure, rhythm and timing. The application of knowledge is affected by the obstacles of knowledge transformation, knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing. In order to continuously explore the methods of promoting scientific decision making, democratic decision making and efficient decision making, it is necessary to allocate the attention of the government reasonably, grasp the decision time effectively, and apply the decision knowledge scientifically. To this end, there is a need to break down the low speed of government, to improve the symptoms of procrastination, to reduce the rate of failure in decision-making and to improve the adaptability of governments to complex and uncertain external environments, All of these need to be promoted in the interaction and integration of the three core factors. The above research on the core influencing factors of government decision making is helpful to grasp the attention boundary, time boundary and knowledge boundary in the process of government decision making, and to train the ability of emergency and decision of the decision maker actively. Thus providing theoretical support for the government to make a decision that can stand the test of practice.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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