汽车限购政策的负效应及消解对策研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 13:23
【摘要】：为了减轻城市交通拥堵压力,缓解城市环境污染状况,国内一些特大城市、大城市纷纷出台限制汽车消费的重要措施,汽车限购政策应运而生。1994年上海市开始对私车牌照进行竞价配置,并于2011年2月开始了汽车限行政策。2010年12月23日,首都北京正式公布了《北京市小客车数量调控暂行规定》,随后,几年之内,广州、天津、贵阳、杭州、深圳五大城市也相继效仿,纷纷发布汽车限购令。2015年3月3日两会拉开帷幕,汽车限购政策更成为两会的热议话题。然而,伴随着汽车限购政策的实施,一些问题也“浮出水面”,汽车限购政策在实现既定目标,发挥正效应的同时,又给社会公众、相关企业带来了一些负效应。在此背景下,本研究以汽车限购政策的负效应及消解对策为中心,试图找出减少政策负效应、增强政策有效性的对策措施。首先,本文从一般性理论入手,分析汽车限购政策的基本概念、政策内容以及政策评估的理论基础,并以此为研究前提,全面分析汽车限购政策的双重效应。吸收威廉·邓恩政策评估的六条标准,引入合法性指标,形成政策评估的七大标准。选取政府、社会公众、相关企业三个评估维度,分析不同标准下,三方主体对汽车限购政策的基本态度与看法评价,作为政策的一般性评估。在此基础上,结合各地汽车限购的实例,运用效益、效率、充分性三个标准,评估汽车限购政策在治理交通拥堵、美化城市环境方面的正效应。运用公正性、回应性、适当性及合法性四重标准,重点探讨汽车限购政策为社会公众、相关企业带来的负效应。其次,在汽车限购政策双重效应分析的基础上,追本溯源,开展原因探析,从思想价值与制度漏洞两角度出发,提出汽车限购政策负效应的产生既是“懒政”、“官本位”、人治等政府错误价值观念的误导,又是民意调查、政府信息公开等外部制度漏洞的助推。在错误价值误导与相关制度漏洞的双重影响下,汽车限购政策出现了一系列的负效应。最后,根据原因探析,有针对性的提出汽车限购政策负效应的消解对策,一方面,运用新公共服务理论探讨汽车限购政策负效应的消解原则,通过原则的设定引导地方政府摆脱错误的思想认知;另一方面从规则与方法出发,结合汽车限购案例的实际情况,借鉴国内外交通治理的基本经验,有针对性的打造限制权力的“铁笼”,创新交通治理的方法,从而为日后类似政策的制定出台、城市交通拥堵及环境的治理提供些许可行意见。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the pressure of urban traffic congestion and alleviate the environmental pollution in cities, some domestic mega-cities and large cities have introduced important measures to limit the consumption of cars. The auto purchase restriction policy came into being. In 1994, Shanghai began bidding for private vehicle license plates, and in February 2011, it began the vehicle restriction policy. December 23, 2010, The capital, Beijing, officially promulgated the "interim regulations on the Regulation and Control of the number of passenger cars in Beijing." subsequently, within a few years, five major cities, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Guiyang, Hangzhou and Shenzhen, followed suit one after another. Auto purchase restrictions have been issued. March 3, 2015, the start of the two sessions, auto purchase restriction policy has become a hot topic of discussion between the two sessions. However, with the implementation of the auto purchase restriction policy, some problems have also emerged. The auto purchase restriction policy has brought some negative effects to the public and related enterprises while realizing the established goal and exerting positive effects. Under this background, this study focuses on the negative effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy and the countermeasures to eliminate it, and tries to find out the countermeasures to reduce the negative effect and enhance the effectiveness of the policy. First of all, this paper starts with the general theory, analyzes the basic concept, policy content and the theoretical basis of the policy evaluation, and takes this as the research premise to analyze the dual effect of the auto purchase restriction policy in an all-round way. Adopting the six criteria of William Dunn's policy evaluation and introducing the legitimacy index, the seven criteria of policy evaluation are formed. This paper selects the three dimensions of government, public and related enterprises to analyze the basic attitudes and opinions of the three parties to the policy of limiting the purchase of automobiles under different standards, as the general evaluation of the policy. On the basis of this, the positive effect of automobile purchase restriction policy on controlling traffic congestion and beautifying urban environment is evaluated by using the three criteria of benefit, efficiency and adequacy. By using the four standards of fairness, responsiveness, appropriateness and legality, the negative effects of the auto purchase restriction policy on the public and related enterprises are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of the analysis of the dual effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy, tracing back to the source and carrying out the reason analysis, from the two angles of the thought value and the system loophole, the paper puts forward that the negative effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy is not only "lazy politics", but also "official standard". The misdirection of the wrong values of government such as rule by man is also promoted by public opinion polls, government information disclosure and other external system loopholes. Under the double influence of false value misdirection and the loopholes of relevant system, there are a series of negative effects on the auto purchase restriction policy. Finally, according to the analysis of the reasons, the paper puts forward the countermeasures of eliminating the negative effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy. On the one hand, it probes into the elimination principle of the negative effect of the vehicle purchase restriction policy by using the new public service theory. On the other hand, starting from the rules and methods, combining with the actual situation of the automobile purchase restriction cases, the author draws lessons from the basic experience of traffic management at home and abroad. Aiming at building the "iron cage" to restrict power and innovating the method of traffic management, it can provide some feasible advice for the formulation of similar policies, urban traffic jams and environmental governance in the future.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.471;D630
本文编号：2283310
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the pressure of urban traffic congestion and alleviate the environmental pollution in cities, some domestic mega-cities and large cities have introduced important measures to limit the consumption of cars. The auto purchase restriction policy came into being. In 1994, Shanghai began bidding for private vehicle license plates, and in February 2011, it began the vehicle restriction policy. December 23, 2010, The capital, Beijing, officially promulgated the "interim regulations on the Regulation and Control of the number of passenger cars in Beijing." subsequently, within a few years, five major cities, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Guiyang, Hangzhou and Shenzhen, followed suit one after another. Auto purchase restrictions have been issued. March 3, 2015, the start of the two sessions, auto purchase restriction policy has become a hot topic of discussion between the two sessions. However, with the implementation of the auto purchase restriction policy, some problems have also emerged. The auto purchase restriction policy has brought some negative effects to the public and related enterprises while realizing the established goal and exerting positive effects. Under this background, this study focuses on the negative effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy and the countermeasures to eliminate it, and tries to find out the countermeasures to reduce the negative effect and enhance the effectiveness of the policy. First of all, this paper starts with the general theory, analyzes the basic concept, policy content and the theoretical basis of the policy evaluation, and takes this as the research premise to analyze the dual effect of the auto purchase restriction policy in an all-round way. Adopting the six criteria of William Dunn's policy evaluation and introducing the legitimacy index, the seven criteria of policy evaluation are formed. This paper selects the three dimensions of government, public and related enterprises to analyze the basic attitudes and opinions of the three parties to the policy of limiting the purchase of automobiles under different standards, as the general evaluation of the policy. On the basis of this, the positive effect of automobile purchase restriction policy on controlling traffic congestion and beautifying urban environment is evaluated by using the three criteria of benefit, efficiency and adequacy. By using the four standards of fairness, responsiveness, appropriateness and legality, the negative effects of the auto purchase restriction policy on the public and related enterprises are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of the analysis of the dual effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy, tracing back to the source and carrying out the reason analysis, from the two angles of the thought value and the system loophole, the paper puts forward that the negative effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy is not only "lazy politics", but also "official standard". The misdirection of the wrong values of government such as rule by man is also promoted by public opinion polls, government information disclosure and other external system loopholes. Under the double influence of false value misdirection and the loopholes of relevant system, there are a series of negative effects on the auto purchase restriction policy. Finally, according to the analysis of the reasons, the paper puts forward the countermeasures of eliminating the negative effect of the automobile purchase restriction policy. On the one hand, it probes into the elimination principle of the negative effect of the vehicle purchase restriction policy by using the new public service theory. On the other hand, starting from the rules and methods, combining with the actual situation of the automobile purchase restriction cases, the author draws lessons from the basic experience of traffic management at home and abroad. Aiming at building the "iron cage" to restrict power and innovating the method of traffic management, it can provide some feasible advice for the formulation of similar policies, urban traffic jams and environmental governance in the future.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.471;D630
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 曹玲莎;;汽车限购的合法律性和正当性分析[J];法制与社会;2013年06期
2 王营;彭松;;北京汽车限购2周年[J];家用汽车;2013年01期
3 何军;;北京交通治堵中的车辆限购政策及其反思[J];商场现代化;2012年24期
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