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宋代县学记研究

发布时间:2018-06-22 16:17

  本文选题:县学记 + 宋代 ; 参考:《西南大学》2017年硕士论文


【摘要】:县学记是一种记述地方官学建设的记事文章,大略记载了县一级官学的兴衰、创建,新学校的形制、教学互动、祭孔尊儒和颂扬为学有功之人等,这其中免不了涉及所在地区的经济、环境与民风民俗。宋代统治者极力推行文治,这就必然需要国家培养大批有识之士,正是如此宋代迎来了官学教育的大兴。伴随着大规模的建设县学行为,写就县学记的风俗在两宋盛极一时,留世作品较多。宋代县学记均为文才兼备的宋人撰写,在资料的性质上原始可靠,是今人了解宋代县学教育的一面镜子。目前学术界对于其研究还未成体系,具有广阔的研究空间。基于此,笔者以宋代县学记作为研究对象,全力拓展其中的史料价值与文学意义。本文主要分为六章。第一章是对于宋代县学记的全面概述,分别从释义、写作特征、著录与传播三大方面来论述。作为一种特殊的土木营造类记文,它延续唐末的命名方式,创作范围也局限于地方的官方教育机构,为文夹叙夹议,具备一定的模式。著录较广,以刻石与书文两大方式流传至今。第二章是对宋代县学记时空分布的探究。在横向上,细致分析县学记在全国二十三路的地域分布,在纵向上对比两宋县学记不同时期的分布,并找寻差异产生的主导因素;第三章就县学记的作者群体进行细致分类,他们或当朝为官,或为文学之士,皆为接受了良好教育的精英阶层。不管是自己为记,还是应邀作记,都在文中展现了自己渊博的学识。第四章与第五章是对宋代县学记的史学价值与文学意义的探索。第四章是从史料学角度着手,再现宋代县学的外部环境和内部设施,以及其中的教学、课程、考试、学生人数等活动;第五章以县学记的文学特征切入,着重关注其中的议论与用典两种情况。第六章以不同时期的昆山县学记为个例,来具体研究自唐至明时期的该地区的县学兴衰,更可以窥见不同时期的教育理念和记文风格有着很大区别。唐时县学秉承“学政”观念,以启蒙为主要教育目标,行文简单质朴,有“古文”之气;至而宋,学校以造就“纯儒之士”为追求,文风受到律赋影响,好为颂赞;而到了明朝,育才以科举为准绳,为文素朴,议论气息较浓。本文有附录三则,附录一是收录在《全宋文》之中的县学记时间与地域分布;附录二是对《全宋文》中未录入的县学记的补遗;附录三是现存于昆山县志之中的昆山县学图。
[Abstract]:The record of county studies is a chronicle of the construction of local officials' studies. It generally records the rise and fall of the county level official studies, the establishment of new schools, the form of new schools, the interaction of teaching, the sacrifice of Confucius to Confucianism and the praise of those who have been meritorious in learning, and so on. This inevitably involves the region's economy, environment and folk customs. The rulers of the Song Dynasty tried their best to carry out the rule of culture, which inevitably required the country to cultivate a large number of people of insight, so the Song Dynasty ushered in the great prosperity of official education. With the large-scale construction of county study behavior, the custom of writing about county study records was very popular in the Song Dynasty. The records of the county studies in Song Dynasty were written by the literate and talented people of the Song Dynasty. They are primitive and reliable in the nature of the materials, and they are a mirror for people to understand the county study education in the Song Dynasty. At present, the academic circles have not yet formed a system for its research, with a broad space for research. Based on this, the author takes the county study record of the Song Dynasty as the research object, develops the historical material value and the literature significance. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is a comprehensive overview of the Song Dynasty County Studies, respectively from the interpretation, writing characteristics, description and dissemination of three aspects to discuss. As a special kind of civil construction writing, it continues the naming method of the late Tang Dynasty, and the scope of creation is limited to the local official educational institutions. The description is relatively wide, and has been spread to this day in two ways: stone engraving and book writing. The second chapter is the study of the temporal and spatial distribution of county learning records in the Song Dynasty. Horizontally, it carefully analyzes the regional distribution of County Learning Records in 23 Road, compares the distribution of county learning records in different periods in the two Song dynasties, and looks for the leading factors of the differences. Chapter three classifies the author groups of county learning records in detail. They were either officials or literary figures, all well-educated elites. Whether it is for the record, or invited to write, in the text has demonstrated their profound knowledge. The fourth and fifth chapters explore the historical value and literary significance of the Xue Ji in Song Dynasty. The fourth chapter is from the perspective of historical materials to reproduce the external environment and internal facilities of county studies in the Song Dynasty, as well as the activities of teaching, curriculum, examination, number of students, etc. The fifth chapter is based on the literary characteristics of county studies. Focus on the discussion and use of the two situations. The sixth chapter takes Kunshan County Learning Records of different periods as an example to study the rise and fall of county studies in this area from Tang to Ming dynasties. It can be seen that there are great differences between educational ideas and writing styles in different periods. In the Tang Dynasty, the county study carried on the concept of "learning politics", taking the enlightenment as the main educational goal, the writing was simple and simple, and had the spirit of "ancient prose"; in Song Dynasty, the school pursued the pursuit of "pure Confucian scholars", and the style of writing was influenced by the law and was good for praise. In the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination as the yardstick, for the simple, the atmosphere is thick. This paper has appendix three, appendix one is the time and regional distribution of county learning records included in the whole Song Dynasty, Appendix two is a supplement to the county study records not entered in the whole Song Dynasty, and appendix three is the Kunshan county science map existing in the history of Kunshan county.
【学位授予单位】:西南大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:I206.2

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