八十年代文学主体性论争及其发展

发布时间：2019-05-24 21:05

【摘要】：八十年代的中国文坛,无论是文学创作还是理论研究都呈现出活跃的态势。期间刘再复提出的一系列理论成果,也成为长期以来人们探讨的焦点,其中尤以《论文学的主体性》最具代表性,同时这篇文章的成功也使他备受争议。主体论的提出、所引起的论争以及杨春时对其的发展,是当时中国当代文学的历史的组成部分,从中能读解出当时中国文人的各种精神面貌和思想状态,同时结合各大期刊以及香港媒体的报道,当时社会的思想潮流也能从“主体性”的论争中知其大概。论文针对目前国内研究的缺失,将从三个方面对文学主体性论争及“文学主体间性”理论进行更为系统的分析:首先通过对八十年代相关资料的解读,梳理当时的社会语境与主体论之间的联系,并对《论文学的主体性》提出的背景、具体内容及其所代表的文学观进行分析。论述1979年至1985年间先后出现的《为文艺正名》、朦胧诗以及人道主义讨论的文学现象,这些文学现象不仅表现出了一种个人化倾向,同时也透漏出对新的美学原则的期待,这时《论文学的主体性》的出现可谓应运而生,它将李泽厚的主体性研究应用于文学领域,以主体性作为个性的了另一种表达,从而伸张了文学中的个人价值。紧接着将对八十年代涉及文学主体性论争的文章进行分析,分析主体性何以轰动并受人推崇的原因,以及主体论在中国文学的发展过程中所扮演的角色,以在主体论论争中针对这三个问题所展开的讨论为研究对象,概括当时研究者对此问题的观点,并论述这些观点的意义。梳理主体论提出后所引起的文学主体性论争中,人们对文学研究方法论、文学创作的立场以及主体论是否有悖于建国后以苏联文论为代表的文学研究传统这三个问题的观点,从中考察主体论的出现对文学研究个人化的推动。最后,通过对九十年代之后的文学主体性研究,尤其通过对杨春时“文学主体间性”理论的评述,论述主体在文论中的角色变化,并论证文学主体论以及“文学主体间性”理论中对今天的中国仍有探讨价值的内容和意义。将对刘再复离开中国后的主体论研究,尤其是1995年后研究者对主体论的解读进行分析,梳理此时研究者对文学主体性的理解的变化,并分析2002年后杨春时在主体论的基础上提出“文学主体间性”理论,论述其理论中的文学观的实质,即将文学定义为一个超越现实的审美空间,而此时个人也已卸下社会历史的使命。
[Abstract]:In the 1980 s, both literary creation and theoretical research showed an active trend in the Chinese literary world. During this period, a series of theoretical achievements put forward by Liu Zaifu have also become the focus of discussion for a long time, especially the subjectivity of literature is the most representative. At the same time, the success of this article also makes him controversial. The proposal of subject theory, the controversy caused by Yang Chunshi and Yang Chunshi's development of it are an integral part of the history of contemporary Chinese literature at that time, from which we can read out all kinds of spiritual outlook and ideological state of Chinese literati at that time. At the same time, combined with the reports of major journals and Hong Kong media, the ideological trend of society at that time can also be known from the debate of "subjectivity". In view of the lack of domestic research at present, this paper will make a more systematic analysis of the debate on literary subjectivity and the theory of "literary intersubjectivity" from three aspects: first of all, through the interpretation of the relevant materials in the 1980s, This paper combs the relationship between the social context and the subject theory at that time, and analyzes the background, the concrete content and the literary view represented by the subjectivity of Literature. This paper discusses the literary phenomena of "literary and artistic orthodoxy", obscure poetry and humanitarian discussion that appeared successively from 1979 to 1985. these literary phenomena not only show a tendency of individualization, but also reveal the expectation of new aesthetic principles. At this time, the emergence of the subjectivity of literature can be described as the times require. It applies Li Zehou's study of subjectivity to the field of literature, taking subjectivity as another expression of personality, thus extending the personal value in literature. Then it will analyze the articles related to the debate on literary subjectivity in the 1980s, analyze the reasons why subjectivity is sensational and respected, and the role of subject theory in the development of Chinese literature. Taking the discussion on these three issues in the subject debate as the research object, this paper summarizes the researchers' views on this problem at that time, and discusses the significance of these views. In the debate on literary subjectivity caused by the subject theory, people's views on the methodology of literary research, the position of literary creation and whether the subject theory is contrary to the literary research tradition represented by Soviet literary theory after the founding of the people's Republic of China. This paper examines the promotion of the emergence of subject theory to the individualization of literary research. Finally, through the study of literary subjectivity after the 1990s, especially through the review of Yang Chunshi's theory of "literary intersubjectivity", this paper discusses the change of the role of subject in literary theory. It is also proved that the literary subject theory and the theory of "literary intersubjectivity" are still valuable to today's China. This paper will analyze the study of subject theory after Liu Zaifu left China, especially the interpretation of subject theory after 1995, and sort out the changes of researchers' understanding of literary subjectivity at this time. After 2002, Yang Chunshi put forward the theory of "literary intersubjectivity" on the basis of subject theory, and discussed the essence of literary view in his theory, that is, literature was defined as an aesthetic space beyond reality. At this time, the individual has also given up the mission of social history.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.7

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