农村院落空间布局演变及影响机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 12:54

【摘要】：农村院落是农村居民点最基本、最直接的单元,是我国新农村建设的重要组成部分。农村院落空间布局,反映了农村院落的居住、生产、生态及文化等功能,是农村特色、田园生活的具体体现。随着社会经济发展及城镇化进程加快,农村院落空间布局发生演变,且不同区域演变不同。而农村院落空间布局演变既体现了农村社会经济发展,也影响新农村建设,亟需加强研究,这对丰富乡村地理学有重要理论意义,对农村院落优化利用、农村居民点整治和新农村建设科学开展有重要现实意义。本研究以山东省7个村的432个院落为研究对象,综合运用文献分析、实地调查、对比分析、Logistic回归模型等方法,分析研究区院落空间布局特点、演变规律和影响因素,探究农村院落空间布局的影响机制,进而提出不同院落空间布局类型的优化利用建议。主要研究内容和结果如下:(1)农村院落空间布局特点及演变规律研究农村院落空间布局指院落内各类土地、房屋的相对位置,包括空间组合、建筑密度、房屋类型等。研究区院落空间一般由主屋和偏房组成,主屋坐北朝南。按照院落功能划分,其布局主要分为居住和商住两用模式。按照空间组合方式,布局分为楼房、四合院、三合院、一正一偏和只有正房5种模式。按照建筑密度划分,分高密度、中密度和低密度3种类型。按照房屋类型划分,分为楼房和平房。农村院落空间布局演变指农村院落空间布局随社会经济发展发生的变化。一般的演变趋势是房屋建设逐渐平面扩张,并向高空发展,院内空地日益减少。初建阶段,农民一般只建设正房,建筑面积多50~70平方米,平均3间平房。院落空间布局较简单、统一,一般坐北朝南,正房在院落北边,其他为空地。平面扩张阶段,农民加大房屋建设,平面扩张、建设偏房,呈现四合院、三合院、一正一偏多种院落空间组合方式。下一阶段为立体延伸阶段,部分农民建设二层楼房或多层楼房,单层、单间建筑面积增加。由于院落演变进度不同,院落空间布局分异现象明显,空间组合方式、建筑基底面积、房屋类型等出现较大差异。(2)农村院落空间布局影响因素研究采用调查问卷与深入访谈的研究方法,征求村委会与研究区村民意见,综合选取并确定影响农村院落间差异的内外部因素,分为村庄特征、院落特征、家庭特征、户主特征四大类,包括距城镇距离、村庄经济、所处地形、院落位置、用地面积、建筑造价、建筑成新度、总人口、年总收入等共14个指标。采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型对5种院落空间组合影响因素进行分析,结果表明:距城镇距离、地形和经济状况等3个村庄特征,院落用地面积、建筑造价和成新度等3个院落特征,年总收入、二三产业收入占比和耕地面积等3个家庭特征,以及户主年龄等对农村院落空间组合有显著影响。采用有序多分类Logistic回归模型对院落高、中、低3种建筑密度影响因素进行分析,结果表明:距城镇距离、地形和经济状况等3个村庄特征,院落位置、用地面积、建筑造价和成新度等4个院落特征,总人口、年总收入、二三产业收入占比和耕地面积等4个家庭特征,以及户主年龄和受教育程度等户主特征对农村院落建筑密度有显著影响。采用二分类Logistic回归模型对楼房和平房2种房屋类型影响因素进行分析,结果表明:距城镇距离和经济状况等2个村庄特征,院落建筑造价和成新度等2个院落特征,总人口、年总收入和耕地面积等3个家庭特征对农村院落房屋类型有显著影响。(3)农村院落空间布局优化利用综合建议基于不同院落空间布局类型影响机制分析,提出高成新度院落重视利用效率、低收入农业院落注重发展、高收入非农院落注重功能完善和其他类型院落合理探讨等。并提出院落优化利用综合建议,包括优化产业结构,提升区域经济;结合客观条件,合理利用区域优势;加强政策引导,增加家庭收入来源;空间功能多元,重视院落开发利用;完善村庄规划,延续村庄传统特色;完善农村宅基地管理法律法规,提高农村土地利用法制性等。
[Abstract]:The rural courtyard is the most basic and most direct unit of rural residential area, which is an important part of the new rural construction in China. The spatial layout of the Rural Courtyard reflects the functions of the residential, production, ecological and cultural functions of the rural courtyard, which is the specific embodiment of the rural characteristics and the rural life. With the development of the society and economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the Rural Courtyard The spatial layout has evolved and different regions have evolved different regions. The evolution of the spatial layout of the rural courtyards not only reflects the social and economic development of the rural areas, but also influences the construction of the new rural areas. It is urgent to strengthen the research. It has important theoretical significance for enriching the rural geography, the optimization and utilization of rural courtyards, the scientific development of rural residential areas and the construction of new rural areas. This study takes 432 courtyards of 7 villages in Shandong Province as the research object, and comprehensively uses the methods of literature analysis, field investigation, comparative analysis and Logistic regression model to analyze the characteristics, evolution laws and influencing factors of the courtyard space layout, explore the influence mechanism of the spatial layout of the rural courtyards, and then put forward different courtyards. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the spatial layout characteristics and evolution law of the rural courtyards, the spatial layout of the rural courtyards refers to the various types of land in the courtyard, the relative position of the houses, including the space combination, the building density, the housing type and so on. The courtyard space of the research area is generally composed of the main house and the house. The main house is located north to the south. According to the function division of the courtyard, its layout is divided into residential and commercial and residential dual use mode. According to the spatial combination, the layout is divided into 5 types: buildings, quadrangles, three courtyards, one partial and only normal rooms. According to the building density, 3 types of high density, medium density and low density are divided. According to the type of house, the building is divided into buildings. The evolution of the spatial layout of the rural courtyards refers to the changes in the spatial distribution of the rural courtyards with the social and economic development. The general trend is that the housing construction is gradually expanding, developing to the high altitude, and decreasing the vacant land in the hospital. In the early construction stage, the farmers generally only build a real estate, the building area is more than 50~70 square meters, and the average 3 flat houses. The layout of the space is simple and unified, generally sitting in the north and south, the house is in the north of the courtyard, and the other is the space. In the flat expansion stage, the farmers increase the building construction, the plane expansion, the building of the house, the four courtyard houses, the three courtyard houses, the one-sided and a variety of courtyard space combination. The next stage is the three-dimensional extension stage, and some farmers build two storey buildings or more. The floor area of the storey buildings, single layer and single building increased. Because of the different progress of the courtyard evolution, the spatial distribution of the courtyard is distinct, the space combination mode, the base area of the building, the type of house and so on. (2) the study on the influencing factors of the spatial layout of the rural courtyards and the research methods of the questionnaire and in-depth interview are adopted to seek the village committee and research. In the opinion of the villagers, the internal and external factors that affect the differences between the rural courtyards are divided into four categories: the village characteristics, the courtyard features, the family characteristics and the household owners' characteristics, including the distance from the town, the village economy, the terrain, the location of the courtyard, the land area, the building cost, the building new degree, the total population, the total annual income and so on. The influence factors of 5 kinds of courtyard space combination were analyzed by the disordered multi classification Logistic regression model. The results showed that the 3 villages features from the town distance, the terrain and the economic condition, the courtyard land area, the building cost and the new degree of 3 courtyards, the annual total income, the two or three industry income ratio and the cultivated land area, as well as the 3 family characteristics, The influence factors of the courtyard high, middle and low 3 kinds of building density are analyzed by the order multi classification Logistic regression model. The results show that 3 villages features from the town distance, the terrain and the economic condition, the courtyard location, the land area, the building cost and the new degree of the 4 courtyards. The total population, the total annual income, the 4 family characteristics of the two or three industry income ratio and the cultivated land area, as well as the household owner's age and education level have significant influence on the building density of the rural courtyard. The two classification Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors of 2 kinds of houses in the buildings and the flat houses. The results showed that the distance from the town was the distance from the town. And the characteristics of 2 villages, such as the economic condition, the building cost and the new degree of the courtyard, the 2 courtyard features, the total population, the annual total income and the cultivated land area have significant influence on the rural courtyard housing type. (3) the comprehensive suggestion on the optimization and utilization of the spatial layout of the rural courtyards is based on the analysis of the influence mechanism of the courtyard space layout type. The new courtyard pays attention to the utilization efficiency, the low income agricultural courtyard pays attention to the development, the high income non-agricultural courtyard pays attention to the function perfect and the other type courtyard reasonable discussion and so on. And puts forward the courtyard optimization utilization comprehensive suggestion, including optimizing the industrial structure, promoting the regional economy, combining the objective strip, rationally utilizing the regional advantages, strengthening the policy guidance and increasing The family income source; the space function pluralism, pay attention to the courtyard development and utilization; improve the village planning, continue the village traditional characteristics; improve the rural homestead management laws and regulations, improve the legal system of rural land use and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5

【参考文献】