中国公民教育的历史语境与当代使命

发布时间：2018-01-04 06:02

本文关键词：中国公民教育的历史语境与当代使命　出处：《南京社会科学》2014年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在传统中国社会中,"公"字具有指称"尊长"、"诸侯"、"国君"等社会伦理和政治多方面的主体性内涵。在中国近代社会变革的进程中,"公"字的主体性内涵,又相继经历了从指称国家(政府)的"公家",到面向全体国民开放的"公域"(公共领域),再到可以直接面对国家的个体"公民"的演变。这一平民化的历史演变路线,昭示着当代中国公民教育在确认全体国民作为"合法公民"政治身份的同时,还必须改造传统儒家"家国一体"、"公私不分"的血缘、亲缘和家族伦理模式,从而使当代中国公民在当前的流动社会中承担起对"陌生人"的道德责任。与此同时,为有效抑制作为公权力执行者的官员之私,应当使"公家"成为中国"法治公民"的质询对象。它意味着,"公域",不仅应当成为"公民与公民"之间的交往平台,而且应当同时成为"公民与公家"之间的交往平台。惟其如此,在日常社会生活中,我们才能形成一种个体在日常社会生活中可以普遍通过自主选择成为"法治公民"、"道德公民"和"荣誉公民"的教育生态。
[Abstract]:In the traditional Chinese society, the word "Gong" has the subjective connotations of social ethics and politics, such as "veneration", "princes", "princes", and so on. The subjective connotation of the word "public" has experienced from the reference of the state (government) "public" to the "public domain" (public domain) which is open to all the people. And then to the evolution of individual "citizen" who can face the country directly. This popularized historical evolution route shows that the contemporary Chinese civic education recognizes the political identity of all citizens as "legitimate citizen" at the same time. It is also necessary to reform the traditional Confucian "family and country integration", "public and private" blood, kinship and family ethics model. In order to make contemporary Chinese citizens assume the moral responsibility to "strangers" in the current floating society, at the same time, in order to effectively restrain the private of officials as the executors of public power. It means that the "public domain" should not only become the communication platform between "citizens and citizens". At the same time, it should be the communication platform between "citizen and public", but it is in the daily social life. Only in our daily social life can we form a kind of educational ecology in which individuals can generally become "citizens under the rule of law", "moral citizens" and "honorary citizens" through their own choices.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学教育学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“转型期我国公民教育的哲学基础研究”(12YJC880112) 教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“社会主义核心价值体系融入国民教育的路径、方法创新研究”(12JZD001)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：G416
【正文快照】： 回顾近代中国的历史变革,我们会发现:自辛亥革命以后,随着“民主”观念的引入,在“天子皇权”去神圣化的同时,传统中国儒家人本主义也受到了西方原子式个体主义的极大挑战,一时间人们竟不知该借助何种文化去解读这个舶来的“公民”身份。在辛亥革命之后的短短十余年时间中,随

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