山东高中学生物理实验能力培养现状与提升策略的研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 17:40

本文关键词：山东高中学生物理实验能力培养现状与提升策略的研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2001年,随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的进行,中国的基础教育逐渐由应试向素质教育转变。高中物理教学的目的不再是为了提升学生的应试能力,而是通过培养学生在物理研究方面的素养和能力使其继续科学研究、更好地适应现代生活。《高中物理教学大纲》明确指出高中物理教学的目的之一是培养学生的实验能力、科学思维能力和分析解决问题的能力,实验能力被放在了物理教学需要培养的能力的首位。但我们在培养学生的物理能力时缺乏对其实验能力的培养和重视。山东高考物理试题分为选择题、实验题和计算题三种题型,选择题和计算题主要考查学生的科学思维能力和分析解决问题的能力,最能体现学生实验能力掌握程度的便是实验题。通过对高考试题的分析研究和对学生教师的调查访问,笔者发现实验题的得分率普遍较低且提分难度较大,这说明我们在培养学生物理实验能力方面还存在不足。为了弄清现有教学模式在培养学生物理实验能力方面的不足,本文对2007年到2014年八年间山东省高考理综物理实验题进行了系统的研究,并由此说明了实验题的重要地位以及高考在考查物理实验知识和实验能力两个方面的特点。知道了高考对实验能力考查的特点,学生的实验能力究竟如何还是未知数,为此笔者又对在校高中生进行了高考实验真题的测试。通过对测试分数的统计分析,找出学生在各项实验能力方面掌握程度的不同,进而也就知道了在培养学生物理实验能力的不足。据此,本文的研究目的便是通过对培养高中学生实验能力现状的研究,找出现有物理实验课堂在培养实验能力方面的不足,并据此提出提升学生实验能力的有效方法。造成学生物理实验能力缺失的原因很多,当前物理实验课堂教学模式的责任不可回避,笔者对物理实验教学模式改革提出了自己的见解。通过本文,能够帮助学生培养良好的科学研究素养,提升自身的物理实验能力并为提高物理实验课堂的有效性提供理论依据。本文的创新之处在于以对高考物理实验题的研究作为突破口来找到培养学生实验能力的不足,以对学生的实验题测试为研究手段找到提升学生实验能力的方法。虽然本文是从高考试题入手但并非服务于高考,而是让高考更好地服务于物理实验教学,更好地促进学生的全方面发展,更好地实现高中教育的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In 2001, with a new round of basic education curriculum reform, China's basic education gradually changed from examination-oriented education to quality-oriented education. The purpose of physics teaching in senior high school is no longer to improve students' exam-oriented ability. Instead, students continue their scientific research by cultivating their literacy and ability in physical research. It is clearly pointed out that one of the aims of physics teaching in senior high school is to cultivate students' experimental ability, scientific thinking ability and ability to analyze and solve problems. Experimental ability has been placed in the first place of the ability to be cultivated in physics teaching. However, we lack of training and attention to the students' ability in physics. The physics test of Shandong College entrance examination is divided into multiple choice questions. There are three types of questions, namely, experimental and computational questions, which mainly examine the students' scientific thinking ability and their ability to analyze and solve problems. Through the analysis of the college entrance examination questions and the investigation and interview to the student teachers, the author found that the score rate of the experimental questions is generally low and the difficulty of score raising is higher. In order to find out the deficiency of the existing teaching mode in cultivating students' ability of physics experiment, there are still some shortcomings in cultivating students' ability of physics experiment. This paper makes a systematic study on the physics experiment questions of the college entrance examination in Shandong Province during the eight years from 2007 to 2014. It also explains the important status of the experimental questions and the characteristics of the college entrance examination in the examination of physical experimental knowledge and experimental ability. The students' experimental ability is still unknown. Therefore, the author carries on the test of the real questions of the college entrance examination experiment to the high school students in school, and through the statistical analysis of the test scores. Find out the different degree of mastery of the students in the experimental ability, and then know the deficiency in the cultivation of students' physical experimental ability. The purpose of this paper is to find out the deficiency of physics experiment classroom in cultivating the experimental ability of the senior high school students through the research on the current situation of cultivating the high school students' experimental ability. Based on this, the author puts forward effective methods to improve students' experimental ability. There are many reasons for the lack of students' ability to experiment in physics, so the responsibility of the current physical experiment classroom teaching mode cannot be evaded. The author puts forward his own opinion on the reform of physics experiment teaching mode. Through this article, it can help students to cultivate good scientific research literacy. The innovation of this paper is to find out how to cultivate the students' experimental ability by studying the physics experiment questions in the college entrance examination as a breakthrough. Not enough. In this paper, we try to find a way to improve the students' experimental ability by means of the test of the experimental questions. Although this paper starts with the questions of the college entrance examination, it is not to serve the college entrance examination, but to make the college entrance examination serve the physics experiment teaching better. Better promote the development of all aspects of students, better achieve the sustainable development of high school education.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

【相似文献】