建构主义理论在高中化学实验教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 02:50

本文选题：建构主义理论 + 高中化学　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：化学是以实验为基础的自然学科,实验对于学生的交流合作能力、实践创新能力以及探索发现能力的提高有着不可替代的作用。实验教学的方式方法是多种多样的,本研究注重的是建构主义理论在其教学过程中的应用。建构主义理论所提倡的核心观念是“一个主体,一个主导”,即在以学生为主体,教师为主导的条件下,尽可能地为学生创造一种能通过自己的主动探索与努力就能达到知识内化的良好环境,再配合教师创设的具体实例氛围,那么学生对知识体系的意义建构就会水到渠成。本研究针对传统教育模式下教师在进行化学学科的实验教学时的主要困惑和问题,提出了具有指导性的教育教学方式,即用建构主义去指导化学学科教学的主要成分——实验,与此同时,在实际的课堂教学中将理论依据与实际教学相互融合,直至达到完美的结合,最终构建出开放、自主的学习环境与氛围,并将实验教学中的困惑解开,以达到实验教学水平的提升。在此基础上设计具有借鉴意义的教学范例,以期为广大高中化学教师进行建构主义理论应用于化学实验教学的研究和实践提供参考。本研究先用文献进行理论研究,并在分析调查问卷的基础上,应用实践研究的方法,验证教学策略所具有的优势。本论文分别是从下面五部分展开研究的：第一部分：引言。在分析了课题的研究背景及国内外对这方面研究的现状之后,论述了建构主义理论应用于高中化学实验教学的重要性和必要性。第二部分：理论基础——建构主义理论。对有关的概念进行了界定,并在此基础上系统的整理了建构主义教学的有关理论,进一步体现了其在中学化学实验教学中应用的必然性与迫切性。第三部分：案例研究——分别以电化学知识和元素化合物知识为例进行实例教学。在剖析总结了高中化学学科实验教育教学的特征、范例和要求的前提下,结合建构主义理论的三大教学模式,分别对对应的教育教学案例进行了深入的探讨。第四部分：实践研究与结果分析。利用现今常用的教学策略进行实践教学。并整理、分析数据信息,得出结论——建构主义在高中实验中有着不可超越的作用。第五部分：结论与反思。对在研究中出现的问题和不足之处,进行反思与总结,以期得到进一步的整理和完善。
[Abstract]:Chemistry is a natural subject based on experiments, which plays an irreplaceable role in the improvement of students' ability of communication and cooperation, practical innovation and exploration and discovery. The research focuses on the application of constructivism theory in the teaching process. The core idea advocated by constructivism theory is "one subject, one leading", that is, under the condition of students as the main body and teachers as the leading factor, As far as possible, we can create a good environment for students to internalize knowledge through their own active exploration and effort, and then cooperate with the concrete example atmosphere created by teachers, then the construction of students' meaning to knowledge system will come naturally. In view of the main puzzles and problems of the teachers in the experimental teaching of chemistry subject under the traditional education mode, the paper puts forward a instructive teaching method, that is, using constructivism to guide the chemistry teaching main component-experiment. At the same time, in the actual classroom teaching, the theoretical basis and the actual teaching are fused together, until the perfect combination is reached, and finally an open and autonomous learning environment and atmosphere are constructed, and the puzzles in the experimental teaching are solved. In order to achieve the level of experimental teaching. On this basis, the author designs the teaching examples with reference significance, in order to provide a reference for the majority of senior high school chemistry teachers to apply constructivism theory to the research and practice of chemistry experiment teaching. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire, the author uses the method of practical research to verify the advantages of the teaching strategy. This paper is from the following five parts of the study: the first part: introduction. After analyzing the research background of the subject and the present situation of the research at home and abroad, this paper discusses the importance and necessity of applying constructivism theory to chemistry experiment teaching in senior high school. The second part: the theory foundation-constructivism theory. The related concepts are defined, and on this basis, the related theories of constructivism teaching are systematically sorted out, which further reflects the inevitability and urgency of its application in chemistry experiment teaching in middle schools. The third part: case study-take the electrochemical knowledge and the element compound knowledge as examples to carry on the example teaching. On the premise of analyzing and summing up the characteristics, examples and requirements of the experimental teaching of chemistry in senior high school, combined with the three teaching modes of constructivism theory, the corresponding teaching cases are discussed in depth. The fourth part: practice research and result analysis. Make use of the current commonly used teaching strategies to carry out practical teaching. And collate, analyze the data information, draw a conclusion-constructivism in high school experiments have an insurmountable role. Part five: conclusion and reflection. The problems and deficiencies in the research are reviewed and summarized in order to be further sorted and improved.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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