中小学体育伤害事故预防与赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 12:53

本文选题：学校体育 + 人身伤害　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：“德智体全面发展”是素质教育的基本要求,学校在注重“德治课”的同时还应当关注“体育课”。中小学体育课程的开展不仅有利于学生综合素质的提高,而且有利于学校的持续健康发展。但多发的学校体育伤害事故不仅阻碍了正常进行的体育活动,还引发了众多的“校闹”事件,威胁校园稳定。在处理体育伤害事故引发的“校闹”事件中,由于我国缺乏明确的关于学校体育伤害事故立法,其他相关法律法规又规定过于笼统,由此导致学校、教师、学生及家长承受了不必要的“诉累”。这些事故、“诉累”不仅给学生带来了不幸,给学校造成麻烦,而且衍生的“校闹”,更是威胁社会安定和谐。为了实施依法治校战略,打造平安校园,中小学体育伤害事故预防与处理等问题就成为学校体育重要理论研究课题。本研究通过文献资料分析法、案例分析法、逻辑分析等方法对中小学体育伤害事故预防与赔偿研究所得结论如下：(1)关于学校体育伤害事故概念应界定为：在学校负有安全保障义务的体育场地内因进行体育运动而发生的,或在学校发起组织的校内、校外体育活动中发生的,主观心态为过错的在校学生人身伤害或者死亡的事故。(2)学校体育伤害事故发生的主要原因有：学校原因,如学校运动会组织不力致人损害；学生自我原因,如从事危险活动致人损害等；第三人原因；综合原因,如学生、教师共同致人损害；意外事件或不可抗力。(3)根据加害方的不同,将学校体育伤害事故类型分为五类：学校侵权型体育伤害事故、学生侵权型体育伤害事故、第三人侵权型体育伤害事故、不可抗力型体育伤害事故、共同侵权型体育伤害事故。(4)归责原则不同,承担责任的基础会不同,要构建合理的、科学的学校承担责任的归责原则体系。结合侵权责任法最新规定,建议应该以过错责任原则为主,以过错推定责任原则为辅,以公平责任原则为补充,针对同一次事故不同行为能力的当事人采用最利于当事人的归责原则。(5)从操作与观念层面,完善中小学体育伤害事故的预防机制,不断降低事故的发生率,把潜在的风险扼杀在萌芽状态;完善学校体育伤害事故应急处理方案,配备相应的人力物力支持。同时建立较为完善的中小学体育伤害事故民事赔偿责任机制。(6)完善中小学学校体育伤害事故的保险法律制度：制定专门的体育保险法、加强体育保险人才队伍建设、努力开发适合学校体育的体育保险险种、加大体育保险的宣传力度。
[Abstract]:"moral, intellectual and physical development" is the basic requirement of quality education. Schools should pay attention to "physical education" as well as "rule by virtue". The development of physical education curriculum in primary and middle schools is not only conducive to the improvement of students' comprehensive quality, but also conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of the school. However, the frequent school sports injury accidents not only hinder the normal sports activities, but also lead to many school incidents, threatening the stability of the campus. In dealing with the school incident caused by sports injury accident, due to the lack of explicit legislation on school sports injury accident in our country, other relevant laws and regulations are too general, resulting in schools and teachers. Students and parents suffer unnecessary "tiredness". These accidents not only bring misfortune to students, cause trouble to school, but also threaten social stability and harmony. In order to implement the strategy of administering schools according to law and to build a safe campus, the prevention and treatment of sports injury accidents in primary and middle schools have become an important theoretical research subject of school physical education. This research through the literature analysis method, the case analysis method, The conclusion of the study on the prevention and compensation of sports injury accidents in primary and secondary schools is as follows: (1) the concept of school sports injury accidents should be defined as: in the sports venues where the school has the duty of safety and security, it occurs as a result of playing sports. Or in the school initiated and organized by the school, the main reasons for the school sports injury accident are: the school cause, the subjective attitude is the fault of the school student's personal injury or the accident of death) the main reasons of the school sports injury accident are: school reason, If the school sports meeting organization is weak to cause the person to harm; the student self-reason, such as engaging in the dangerous activity causes the person harm and so on; the third person reason; the comprehensive reason, such as the student, the teacher causes the person damage together; Accident or force majeure. 3) according to the difference of the harming party, the types of school sports injury accident are divided into five categories: school infringing sports injury accident, student infringing sports injury accident, the third party infringing sports injury accident, Force majeure sports injury accident, joint tort sports injury accident. 4) different imputation principle, the basis of taking responsibility will be different, we should build a reasonable, scientific school responsibility imputation principle system. Combined with the latest provisions of tort liability law, it is suggested that the principle of fault liability should be the main principle, the principle of presumption of fault should be supplemented by the principle of fair liability, and the principle of fair liability should be taken as a supplement. According to the principle of imputation, which is most beneficial to the parties in the same accident and different behavior capacity, from the aspect of operation and concept, the prevention mechanism of sports injury accident in primary and middle schools should be perfected, and the occurrence rate of accidents should be reduced continuously. To nip the potential risk in the bud; improve the school sports injury accident emergency treatment plan, equipped with the corresponding manpower and material support. At the same time, we should establish a more perfect mechanism of civil compensation liability for sports injury accidents in primary and secondary schools. (6) perfect the insurance legal system of sports injury accidents in primary and secondary schools: formulate special sports insurance laws, strengthen the construction of sports insurance personnel, Strive to develop sports insurance suitable for school sports, increase the publicity of sports insurance.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.96

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