高中生数学运算求解能力的现状及教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 23:48

本文选题：高中生 + 数学运算求解能力　；参考：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：数学运算求解能力是数学三大基本能力之一，也是影响学生数学成绩的主要原因之一。高考中半数以上的题目需要用到数学运算，数学运算也一直是高考考查的重点。但笔者在近几年的高中数学教学中发现，高中生的数学运算求解能力存在着一些问题。主要表现在以下几个方面，高中生数学运算求解能力普遍不高，运算能力的发展也出现不平衡的状态，对运算能力重要性的认识不够，部分同学没有养成良好的运算习惯，，运算技巧缺乏，运算心理素质不过硬等等。作者通过对相关理论研究的学习，结合自己的教学实践，对高中生数学运算求解能力进行了调查和测试，并对调查和测试的结果进行了定性与定量分析，总结出高中生数学运算求解能力的现状，并分析出影响高中生数学运算求解能力的因素，提出提高高中生数学运算求解能力的有效策略。本文第一章提出了研究的背景及研究的现状。新课程标准对高中生的数学运算求解能力提出了新的要求。培养和提高学生的数学运算求解能力是提高学生的数学成绩、增强学生的数学素养的必要前提。第二章对数学能力及数学运算求解能力的概念进行了界定，并综述了高中数学运算的特点及数学运算求解能力对数学学习的影响。相对于初中数学,高中数学更加的广、深、抽象、变量更多、运算更为繁琐。数学运算求解能力的高低与数学学习之间密切相关。第三章共分为三个部分，第一部分是从学生平时考试或作业中的错题出发对目前高中生数学运算求解能力的现状进行分析；第二部分对高中生数学运算求解能力进行了测试，并利用spss软件对测试结果进行了分析，总结得出高中生数学运算求解能力水平发展不平衡，具体表现为：好班与差班学生数学运算求解能力存在明显差异、男生与女生数学运算求解能力存在明显差异、高中生数学运算求解能力整体水平偏差；第三部分对高中生数学运算求解能力进行了调查，针对每一道题对调查结果进行统计分析。第四章结合理论研究以及对调查测试的分析，总结影响高中学生数学运算求解能力发展的原因为：学生个性心理因素、数学认知结构因素、数学思想方法因素、计算器的使用以及教师的教学因素。第五章针对影响高中学生数学运算求解能力发展的原因采取相对应的策略来提高高中生的数学运算求解能力，具体策略为：重视学生个性心理因素，提高学生数学运算求解能力、完善学生的数学认知结构，提高学生数学运算求解能力、重视学生数学思维的训练，提高学生数学运算求解能力、合理利用计算器，加强口算心算的训练、加强教师的示范作用。第六章本文进行了总结与展望。本人主要做了三个方面的工作：一是对高中学生的数学运算求解能力现状进行了较广泛的调查，接触了许多老师和学生，收集了许多生动的素材，包括学生平时的作业和考试中的错题；二是对山东师范大学附属中学高一学生数学运算求解能力进行了测试和调查，并利用spss软件对测试和调查结果进行了分析；三是根据影响高中生数学运算求解能力发展的原因提出提高高中生数学运算求解能力的的策略。由于受研究时间的限制，本研究还有很多不足之处，加上个人研究水平有限，对数据的处理可能不到位，今后可以做进一步的完善。
[Abstract]:The ability to solve mathematical computation is one of the three basic abilities of mathematics, and also one of the main reasons that affect the students' mathematical achievement. More than half of the subjects in the college entrance examination need to use mathematical operations. The mathematical operation is always the key point of the examination of the college entrance examination. But the author found the mathematics calculation ability of high school students in the high school mathematics teaching in recent years. There are some problems. It is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the high school students' ability to solve mathematical computing is generally not high, the development of computing ability is not balanced, the understanding of the importance of operation ability is not enough, some students have not developed good operation habits, the operation skills are short, the operation psychological quality is hard and so on. Through the study of the relevant theoretical research and the practice of my own teaching, this paper investigates and tests the mathematics calculation ability of high school students. The results of the investigation and test are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the present situation of the mathematics calculation ability of the high school students is summarized, and the factors that affect the mathematics calculation ability of high school students are analyzed. An effective strategy to improve senior high school students' mathematical operation ability is proposed.
The first chapter of this paper puts forward the background of the study and the present situation of the research. The new curriculum standards put forward new requirements for the mathematics calculation ability of high school students. The training and improvement of the students' ability to solve mathematical computation is the necessary advance of improving the students' mathematical achievement and enhancing the students' mathematical literacy. The second chapter is about mathematical ability and mathematical calculation. The concept of solution ability is defined, and the characteristics of mathematics operation in high school and the influence of mathematical calculation solving ability on mathematics learning are summarized. Relative to junior high school mathematics, high school mathematics is more extensive, deep, abstract, more variable and more complicated. The ability of mathematical calculation is closely related to mathematics learning. The third chapter is divided into two chapters. In the three part, the first part is the analysis of the present situation of the mathematics calculation solving ability of the high school students from the wrong questions in the students' ordinary exam or homework. The second part tests the mathematical calculation ability of the high school students, and analyses the results of the test by using the SPSS software, and summarizes the mathematical calculation of the high school students. The development of the ability level is not balanced. The specific performance is that there are obvious differences in the mathematical calculation ability of the students in the good class and the poor class. There are obvious differences between the boys and the girls in the mathematical computing ability, and the overall horizontal deviation of the mathematical calculation ability of the high school students. The third part has carried out a survey on the solving ability of the mathematics operation of high school students, aiming at each one. The fourth chapter, combined with the theoretical research and the analysis of the investigation and test, summarizes the reasons for the development of the mathematics calculation solving ability of high school students: the students' psychological factors, the mathematical cognitive structure factors, the mathematical thinking and methods, the use of the calculator and the teaching factors of the teachers. Fifth chapters. In view of the reasons that affect the development of mathematical computing ability of high school students, the corresponding strategies are adopted to improve the ability of mathematical calculation for high school students. The specific strategies are: paying attention to the students' psychological factors, improving the ability of solving mathematical calculation, improving the students' mathematical cognition structure, improving the students' ability to solve mathematical calculation, and attaching importance to the study. The training of students' mathematical thinking, improving the students' ability of solving mathematical calculation, using the calculator reasonably, strengthening the training of oral calculation and strengthening the demonstration function of the teachers. The sixth chapters have carried out a summary and prospect in this article. I mainly do three aspects of the work: first, the present situation of the mathematics calculation solving ability of high school students is more extensive. The survey, with many teachers and students, collected a lot of vivid materials, including the students' normal homework and the wrong questions in the exam. Two, the two is to test and investigate the ability of mathematical calculation for a high school student in the Affiliated Middle School of Shandong Normal University, and analyze the results of the test and investigation by using the software. The three is based on the influence. The reason for the development of mathematical computing ability of high school students is to raise the strategy of improving the ability of mathematical calculation for high school students. Because of the limitation of the study time, there are many shortcomings in this study, with the limited level of personal research, the processing of data may not be in place, and further improvement can be made in the future.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

【参考文献】