准固定语相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 20:02

本文选题：准固定语 + 范畴化　；参考：《北京语言大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在对现代汉语词汇进行研究时我们发现,在汉语词汇单位中,除了传统的词和语,在他们之间还存在一级具有过渡性质的单位,即“准固定语”。准固定语是词汇学的一个重要研究课题。以往对准固定语的描写性研究成果数量较少,但对其结构的描写不充分、不深入,描写角度单一。本文将准固定语作为研究对象,尝试从范畴理论和构式理论的角度进行研究,以探索准固定语的内涵和外延,并结合构式理论从内部词语搭配角度分析其语义特点。本文主要集中在两个部分,一是准固定语的本体研究,一是准固定语的构式研究。本体研究方面,为了对准固定语有一个清晰的认识,本文从范畴理论入手,从范畴化和非范畴化两个方面对准固定语进行研究。我们首先将准固定语与“自由词组”、“惯用语”、“固定格式”和“语块”进行了区分,厘清准固定语在汉语词汇范畴体系中的地位,对汉语词汇体系重新范畴化,并梳理准固定语的内部范畴;在此基础上,我们以准固定语“__看”为例,通过准固定语非范畴化的研究探索准固定语形成的原因。通过分析我们认为,准固定语是人类对现实世界范畴化的产物,是汉语词汇范畴的下位范畴,是词和语之间的一类过渡范畴。在这个范畴内,包括定型类准固定语和可替换类准固定语两类下位范畴,其中可替换类的是准固定语范畴的典型。而汉语词汇的非范畴化则是准固定语的形成的原因之一。构式研究方面,本文以准固定语构式作为切入点,对准固定语结构和意义上的特性进行研究。我们以承继类准固定语为例,以出现频率的高低为标准,选出5组典型的准固定语构式作为本文的研究对象:“看在__的面子/情分上;没__(可/好)说;看__说的;拿+N+V;看把____的”,基于这五组典型的准固定语构式,我们对其特点进行分析。为了更好的分析每一类型的特点,对这些准固定语,我们进行个案研究。在研究中,首先探讨构式义,接着分析具体语境中的语境义,最后对其进行综合分析。根据分析结果,我们认为:准固定语构式的特点在于它的意义是单一的,不等于构式标的词汇加和义,主要表现为构式在单句的语境中体现出的语境义;构式可以产生子构式;构式槽填充项又对构式的结构会产生一定的影响,二者有一定的互动,构式槽填充项的性质会影响构式的生成性。在构式填充项与构式本身的互动上,二者在角色的匹配上并不是一致的。由构式意义限定的填充项角色是语义角色的,构式槽中的实际语例则是真正的参与角色。准固定语是汉语词汇中比较特殊的一类结构,在对外汉语教学中也是一个难点。对这类结构的研究,不但有利于汉语词汇本体的研究,对对外汉语教学也有一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:When we study the vocabulary of modern Chinese, we find that in addition to the traditional words and words, there is a transition unit between them, that is, "quasi-fixed language". Quasi-fixed language is an important subject in lexicology. In the past, the number of descriptive studies on fixed language is relatively small, but the description of its structure is insufficient, not thorough, and the angle of description is single. In this paper, quasi fixed language is taken as the object of study, which tries to explore the connotation and extension of quasi fixed language from the perspective of category theory and construction theory, and analyzes its semantic characteristics from the angle of internal collocation with the theory of construction. This paper focuses on two parts: one is the ontological study of quasi-fixed, the other is the construction of quasi-fixed. In the study of ontology, in order to have a clear understanding of the fixed language, this paper starts with the category theory, and studies the fixed language from the two aspects of categorization and non-categorization. We first distinguish quasi-fixed words from "free phrases", "idioms", "fixed formats" and "chunks", clarify the position of quasi-fixed words in the Chinese lexical category system, and recategorize the Chinese lexical system. On the basis of this, we take the quasi-fixed language "S _ see" as an example to explore the causes of the formation of quasi-fixed language through the study of non-categorization of quasi-fixed language. Through the analysis, we think that quasi-fixed language is the product of human categorization of the real world, the lower category of Chinese lexical category, and a kind of transitional category between words and words. In this category, there are two kinds of hypothetical categories: stereotyped quasi-fixed and replaceable quasi-fixed, in which the substitutable category is the typical category of quasi-fixed. The non-categorization of Chinese vocabulary is one of the reasons for the formation of quasi-fixed language. In the aspect of construction, this paper focuses on the characteristics of the structure and meaning of the fixed language by using the quasi-fixed construction as the starting point. Taking inherited quasi-fixed words as an example, we select five groups of typical quasi-fixed constructions as the object of this paper, taking the frequency of occurrence as the criterion: "look at the face / sentiment of the speech, say no (can / good), look at _ _ said;" We analyze the features of these five groups of quasi fixed constructions based on the five typical quasi fixed constructions. In order to better analyze the characteristics of each type, we do a case study on these quasi-fixed words. In the research, the construction meaning is discussed first, then the contextual meaning in the concrete context is analyzed, and finally the comprehensive analysis is carried out. According to the analysis results, we think that the characteristic of quasi-fixed construction is that it has a single meaning, which is not equal to the addition and meaning of the target words of the construction, which is mainly expressed as the contextual meaning embodied by the construction in the context of a single sentence, and that the construction can produce a subconstruction. The construction slot filling term will have a certain influence on the structure of the structure, the two have certain interaction, and the nature of the construction slot filling term will affect the generativity of the construction. In the interaction between the construction filling term and the construction itself, they are not consistent in the role matching. The filling role defined by the construction meaning is semantic role, while the actual example in the construction slot is the real participant role. Quasi-fixed language is a special kind of structure in Chinese vocabulary, and it is also a difficulty in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The study of this kind of structure is not only beneficial to the study of Chinese lexical ontology, but also to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H136

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