晚清来华西方人汉语学习与研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 07:30
【摘要】： 1807年马礼逊来华传教,标志着基督教新教在华传教事业的开端,同时也正式揭开了晚清来华西方人汉语学习与研究的序幕。面对种种不利因素,马礼逊凭借其坚忍不拔的意志和不懈努力,很快掌握汉语并终成一代汉学大师。多年在华传教经历让马礼逊意识到,汉语学习对确保在华传教的顺利进行至关重要,为此他一方面大力呼吁推广汉语学习,另一方面积极创办汉语培训机构推广汉语教学。此外,马礼逊还编纂了中国第一部汉英、英汉字典、首次将《圣经》全文翻译成中文,并出版多部汉语研究论著,为日后来华西方人汉语学习与研究提供了巨大帮助。 继马礼逊之后,英、美等国来华传教士也纷纷加入到汉语学习与研究大潮中来。由美部会来华传教士裨治文创办的中国境内第一份英文报刊《中国丛报》以较为客观公正的报道和丰富翔实的史料,很快便成为这一时期西方了解、认识中国的主要媒介。从1832年创刊至1851年停刊,来华传教士们以《中国丛报》为交流平台,撰写、发表了大量研究性文章,从多个角度对汉语学习与研究等问题展开热烈讨论,掀起了一轮汉语学习、研究热潮,其研究成果在很大程度上代表了这一时期来华西方人汉语学习与研究的最高水平。 两次鸦片战争迫使中国门户渐次开放。随着传教活动日益深入到中国各地,来华传教士们不得不面对中国的众多方言,于是方言学习和研究又成为这一时期来华传教士汉语学习与研究的新特点。另一方面,西方各国在华设立领事馆,出于自身职业需求,来华外交官们亦加入到汉语学习与研究浪潮中,其中又以英国外交官威妥玛、翟理斯的研究最为突出。此外,这一时期汉语培训机构的蓬勃发展,也有效地实现了来华西方人汉语学习模式从个体学习为主向以学校为中心的课程教育之转变。 作为晚清时期形成的一种特殊的中、英混合语言,“别琴英语”无论在语音、词汇以及语法等方面均深受汉语语言影响。因此,“别琴英语”在解决中西民间交往语言障碍的同时,也成为来华西方人认识、了解汉语的一种特殊渠道。 从历史的角度对晚清来华西方人汉语学习与研究进行系统梳理和总结,不仅能够填补学术界在该领域的空缺,完善学科发展;还能为今天西方人学习汉语提供丰富、珍贵的历史文献资料和经验,同时对当代对外汉语教学理论的深化也具有十分重要的借鉴和现实意义。
[Abstract]:In 1807, Maleson came to China to preach, marking the beginning of Protestantism in China and the prelude to the study and study of Chinese by Westerners in the late Qing Dynasty. In the face of all kinds of unfavorable factors, Morrison, with his perseverance and unremitting efforts, quickly mastered Chinese and eventually became a master of Sinology. Many years of missionary experience in China made Malleson realize that Chinese learning is very important to ensure the smooth progress of missionary teaching in China. Therefore, on the one hand, he strongly calls for the promotion of Chinese learning, on the other hand, he actively establishes Chinese training institutions to promote Chinese teaching. In addition, Maleson compiled the first Chinese-English dictionary, translated the Bible into Chinese for the first time, and published a number of works on Chinese studies, which provided great help for westerners to study and study Chinese in the future. After Malleson, missionaries from Britain, America and other countries joined the tide of Chinese learning and research. The first English newspaper, the China Crouch, founded by the missionaries of the American Ministry in China, with more objective and fair reports and rich historical materials, soon became the main medium for the western understanding and understanding of China in this period. From its inception in 1832 to its suspension in 1851, missionaries came to China to write and publish a large number of research-oriented articles on the basis of the "China Cong newspaper" as a platform for exchange, and to launch a heated discussion on issues such as Chinese learning and research from various angles, which set off a round of Chinese learning. The research results represent, to a large extent, the highest level of Chinese learning and research in Westerners in this period. The two Opium Wars forced the gradual opening of China's doors. With the spread of missionary activities to various parts of China, missionaries have to face many dialects in China, so the study and study of Chinese dialects has become a new feature of the study and study of Chinese language by missionaries in this period. On the other hand, the western countries set up consulates in China, out of their own professional needs, diplomats to China also joined in the wave of Chinese learning and research, in which the British diplomat Wade, Zhai Liz is the most prominent research. In addition, the vigorous development of Chinese training institutions in this period also effectively realized the transition from individual learning mode to school-based curriculum education. As a special mixed language of Chinese and English in the late Qing Dynasty, English is deeply influenced by Chinese language in phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects. Therefore, while solving the language barrier of folk communication between China and the West, it has also become a special channel for westerners to know and understand Chinese. From the historical point of view, a systematic review and summary of the study and study of Chinese language coming to China in the late Qing Dynasty can not only fill the gap in the academic field and improve the development of the subject, but also provide a wealth for Westerners to learn Chinese today. The precious historical literature and experience also have very important reference and practical significance to the deepening of contemporary teaching theory of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H195
本文编号：2252529
[Abstract]:In 1807, Maleson came to China to preach, marking the beginning of Protestantism in China and the prelude to the study and study of Chinese by Westerners in the late Qing Dynasty. In the face of all kinds of unfavorable factors, Morrison, with his perseverance and unremitting efforts, quickly mastered Chinese and eventually became a master of Sinology. Many years of missionary experience in China made Malleson realize that Chinese learning is very important to ensure the smooth progress of missionary teaching in China. Therefore, on the one hand, he strongly calls for the promotion of Chinese learning, on the other hand, he actively establishes Chinese training institutions to promote Chinese teaching. In addition, Maleson compiled the first Chinese-English dictionary, translated the Bible into Chinese for the first time, and published a number of works on Chinese studies, which provided great help for westerners to study and study Chinese in the future. After Malleson, missionaries from Britain, America and other countries joined the tide of Chinese learning and research. The first English newspaper, the China Crouch, founded by the missionaries of the American Ministry in China, with more objective and fair reports and rich historical materials, soon became the main medium for the western understanding and understanding of China in this period. From its inception in 1832 to its suspension in 1851, missionaries came to China to write and publish a large number of research-oriented articles on the basis of the "China Cong newspaper" as a platform for exchange, and to launch a heated discussion on issues such as Chinese learning and research from various angles, which set off a round of Chinese learning. The research results represent, to a large extent, the highest level of Chinese learning and research in Westerners in this period. The two Opium Wars forced the gradual opening of China's doors. With the spread of missionary activities to various parts of China, missionaries have to face many dialects in China, so the study and study of Chinese dialects has become a new feature of the study and study of Chinese language by missionaries in this period. On the other hand, the western countries set up consulates in China, out of their own professional needs, diplomats to China also joined in the wave of Chinese learning and research, in which the British diplomat Wade, Zhai Liz is the most prominent research. In addition, the vigorous development of Chinese training institutions in this period also effectively realized the transition from individual learning mode to school-based curriculum education. As a special mixed language of Chinese and English in the late Qing Dynasty, English is deeply influenced by Chinese language in phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects. Therefore, while solving the language barrier of folk communication between China and the West, it has also become a special channel for westerners to know and understand Chinese. From the historical point of view, a systematic review and summary of the study and study of Chinese language coming to China in the late Qing Dynasty can not only fill the gap in the academic field and improve the development of the subject, but also provide a wealth for Westerners to learn Chinese today. The precious historical literature and experience also have very important reference and practical significance to the deepening of contemporary teaching theory of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H195
【引证文献】
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2 李苑;中美《望厦条约》签订前后美国人汉语学习的历史考察[D];北京大学;2012年
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