面向对外汉语教学的形声字声符示音度研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 09:59

【摘要】：对留学生来说，汉字的学习是汉语学习中最难的部分，因为汉字的性质不同于他们母语文字的性质。现代汉字中形声字的数量最多，形声字的声符是用来表音的，与多数留学生使用的表音文字有某些相似性，因此，形声字声符表音作用的分析可以帮助留学生更好地学习汉字。本文以形声字声符为切入点，，以留学生汉语水平考试所依据的《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》（以下简称《大纲》）所收形声字为研究对象，通过形声字声符表音情况的测查分析，梳理出声符与整字之间的读音对应关系，希望对面向留学生的汉字教学有所助益。本文分为四个章节。第一章对本文的研究对象及意义、研究目的、研究方法以及研究现状进行了说明。第二章对《大纲》中的形声字所占比例以及结构类型进行了概括说明。第三章从声符的构成和分类两方面对声符作了整体分析，并对声符的表音程度作了测查。最后分析了声符中声母和韵母的表音情况，得出了声符与形声字的表音关系对应表。通过对《大纲》中形声字声符的测查、分析发现，不能完全表音的声符在形声字声符中所占比例较大（约为34%）。根据声符的这一特点，从声母、韵母两个角度整合出了不能完全表音的声符与整字读音之间的对应关系。对于完全不表音的声符，分析了它们不表音的原因。本文的分析结果主要是为了帮助留学生们在学习汉字时能够充分利用声符与整字之间的读音对应关系，使他们在认识汉字的过程中能够根据二者之间的对应关系推断形声字的读音，形成以声符带形声字、以形声字带汉字的点、线、面相结合的网状认知结构，从而更快更好地学习汉字。
[Abstract]:For foreign students, the learning of Chinese characters is the most difficult part, because the nature of Chinese characters is different from that of their native languages. In modern Chinese characters, the number of phonetic characters is the most, and the phonetic characters are used for phonetic characters, which are similar to those used by most foreign students. Therefore, the analysis of phonetic characters can help foreign students to learn Chinese characters better. This paper takes phonetic characters as the starting point and the syllabus of Chinese level vocabulary and Chinese characters (hereinafter referred to as syllabus) as the research object. Based on the examination and analysis of phonetic characters, the phonetic correspondence between phonetic characters and whole characters is sorted out, which is expected to be helpful to the teaching of Chinese characters for foreign students. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes the research object and significance, research purpose, research methods and research status. In the second chapter, the proportion and structure types of pictophonetic characters in outline are described. In the third chapter, the structure and classification of phonetic symbols are analyzed as a whole, and the phonetic degree of phonetic symbols is tested. Finally, the paper analyzes the initial and vowel sounds in the phonetic symbol, and obtains the corresponding table of the phonetic relation between the phonetic symbol and the phonetic character. Based on the examination of phonetic characters in outline, it is found that the proportion of phonetic characters which can not be fully represented in phonetic characters is about 34%. According to this characteristic of phonetic symbol, the corresponding relationship between the phonetic symbol and the pronunciation of the whole word is integrated from the aspects of consonant and vowel. The reasons for the absence of phonetic symbols are analyzed. The main purpose of this paper is to help students learn Chinese characters to make full use of the phonetic correspondence between the phonetic characters and the whole characters. In the process of recognizing Chinese characters, they can infer the pronunciation of pictophonetic characters according to the corresponding relationship between them, and form a netlike cognitive structure which combines the phonetic characters with phonetic characters and the dots, lines and surfaces of Chinese characters with phonetic characters. In order to learn Chinese characters faster and better.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195

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