社会学视角下的高校大学生“公考热”现象探究

发布时间：2018-03-13 01:07

本文选题：大学生　切入点：公考　出处：《中共江苏省委党校》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国高校的不断扩招,高校毕业生的就业压力也越来越大。在如此激烈的竞争中,公务员成为职业选择的热门首选,备受社会各界的关注。其实工作本身没有高低贵贱之别,每个人都有其选择职业的自由,每个职业也都值得尊重。但当前,不少年轻大学生挤破头去考公务员,励志进入机关事业单位,成为体制内的一份子,报考人数之多已使“公考热”成为一种不容忽视的现象,媒体称这些群体为“考碗族”。大学生是充满创造力的一代,他们有自己的思想,敢于折腾,充满了冒险精神,却一步步的开始追求稳定,保守,安于现状,这实在不是一个国家青年群体的正常面貌。公务员考试本身是一种个体的职业选择,那么过热的现状到底在宏观上对社会有着怎样的功能?对社会造成了什么样的影响?高校大学生对其职业选择很大程度上是经过理性思考后做出的,那么这仅仅是一种个人行动的选择吗?其背后的原因到底是什么?在正视其带来的问题的同时,该如何使“公考热”现象降温?这都将是本文的研究重点。本文采用质性研究的方法,通过对16位高校大学毕业生的公考情况进行访谈,运用功能理论分析“公考热”现象的正负功能,探求该现象对个人和社会带来的影响,运用社会学中的理性选择理论,分析“公考热”背后的主要原因,将原因分为生存理性、经济理性、社会理性三个层次,尤其是社会理性的重要性尤为突出,最后从个人、家庭、学校、政府四个角度提出建议与对策希望能够正确引导高校大学生群体的就业选择。笔者发现大学生考公务员热的现象对个人与社会具有正反功能,从正功能角度来看,大学生考公务员一方面促进了社会流动,改良了个人命运;另一方面优化了公职队伍,促进了大学的就业公平。但“公考热”现象带来的更多的是负功能:造成了大学生的择业观、就业观产生偏差;造成了人才的浪费;人们的官本位思想的传承与强化;人才市场调控机制的失灵。通过理性选择分析,深挖其选择背后的各要素原因之后,笔者发现选择是个人的行为,但其背后的社会原因不得忽视,也正是这些原因导致了大学生“公考热”的结果,其原因看似都跟考生个人情况和公务员本身的优势有关,分别是当前的大学生就业压力增大;为了满足其自身的内心需求,增长求职技能;考公务员的成本低,收益大;工作收益稳定,保障制度完善。更深的探究会发现其选择背后还有很重要的社会因素:固有的官本位思想作祟;户籍制度对人口迁移的限制;社会转型期的经济结构失衡;社会保障制度的不完善。考公务员本身是在经过生存、经济、社会选择之后大学生做出的理性选择,当然研究中也发现有同学存在盲目跟风考公务员的现象的非理性现象,他们不知道为何考公务员,也不觉得一定要从事该职业。从研究中不难发现“公考热”背后存在着大量的问题,对此笔者在文章最后提出了自己的对策和建议,以期大学生可以理性择业,选择适合自己的工作成长和发展,使“公考热”现象得以降温。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous expansion of China's colleges and universities, the employment of college graduates is also increasing pressure. In such a fierce competition, has become a popular choice for civil servants occupation choice, subject to the concerns of the community. In fact, the work itself without distinction or not, everyone has the freedom of choice of occupation, each occupation also are worthy of respect. But at present, many young students rush to enter the civil service exam, inspirational institutions, to become a member in the system, the number of candidates have been made public examination hot "has become a phenomenon that can not be ignored, the media that these groups as" gold-bowl seekers "is full of students. The generation of creativity, they have their own thoughts, dare to toss, adventurous, step by step began the pursuit of stable, conservative and complacent, this is not a normal appearance of the national youth groups of the civil service exam. The test itself is a kind of individual choice of occupation, so overheating in the macro on the social situation in the end how? What are the impacts on the society? College students on their occupation selection are largely made through rational thinking after, so this is just a personal choice? What is the reason behind? In the face of the problems at the same time, how to make public examination hot phenomenon of cooling? This will be the focus of this paper. This paper uses qualitative research methods, through the 16 college graduates of the public examination conducted interviews, using positive and negative function theory analysis of "public examination fever" phenomenon, this phenomenon brings to explore the influence of individual and society, using the rational choice theory of sociology, analyzing the main reason behind "public examination fever", the reason is divided into the management of the economy. Three levels of rationality, social rationality, especially the importance of social rationality is particularly prominent, and finally from the individual, family, school, four angles of government put forward suggestions and Countermeasures of employment choice to correct guidance of college students. The students found that the civil service exam hot phenomenon has positive and negative functions of individual and society, from a functional perspective college students, the civil service exam has promoted social mobility, improved the fate of individuals; on the other hand, optimize the office team, promote the university employment fair. But the "public examination fever" phenomenon is more negative function: causing the view of employment, the employment outlook deviation caused a waste of talent; inheritance and strengthening official ideology; people; failure mechanism of the talent market. Through rational analysis, the factors behind the choice of the deep reason, the author found that Choice is a personal behavior, but the social reasons behind it should not be ignored, it is the cause of college students "public examination hot" results, the reason seems to candidates and the civil servants' advantage, respectively is the current employment pressure increases; in order to meet their own needs, growth job skills; civil service exam of low cost, large gains; work income stability, security system perfect. The deeper inquiry will find the choice behind there are very important social factors: the inherent official standard thought work; household registration system on migration restrictions; structural imbalances in the economy during the period of social transformation; improvement of the social security system the civil service exam. After itself is survival, economy, college students make rational choice to social choice, of course, the research also found that some students are blindly follow the trend of the civil service exam phenomenon The irrational phenomenon, they do not know why the civil service exam, do not feel the need to engage in the occupation. The study is not difficult to find "behind the public examination hot and there are a lot of problems, the author finally puts forward his own suggestions and countermeasures, in order to reason college students can choose their own jobs, job growth and development, make public examination hot phenomenon to cool.

【学位授予单位】：中共江苏省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38;D630.3

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