西方道德教育模式的比较：正义与关怀

发布时间：2018-05-23 17:56

本文选题：道德教育 + 道德教育模式　；参考：《东北师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 道德教育理论的成熟,在学术资源方面与两大因素深度相关,一是伦理学的理论供给;二是教育学理论与伦理学理论的生态整合。可见,伦理学理论的发展和完善是道德教育理论发展和完善的前提与基础。对道德的认识不同,由此所产生的德育目标、内容、方法、组织形式亦会不同。因此,要想使道德教育工作取得理想的效果,仅仅进行德育目标、内容、方法、组织形式等方面的改革是远远不够的,从根本上来说也是不对路的。要想使德育工作真正有所突破,必须对道德本身、尤其是对道德的核心有一个正确的认识,对道德的本质及其价值取向进行更加准确的定位。对道德的定位是否准确直接关系到道德教育的成败。本论文正是在这一认识的基础上,综合运用历史法、文献法和比较法,对西方的道德观进行了研究。通过对西方历史上的道德观的研究,指出西方传统道德以正义为核心,直到20世纪七八十年代,正义由于其自身的局限性及时代条件的变化而陷入困境,时代条件的变化呼唤关怀成为道德的核心。道德核心的变化势必带来道德教育方式、方法的改变。以正义为核心的道德使道德教育走向了认知路径,以关怀为核心的道德使道德教育走向了情感路径。本论文主要分析了西方道德教育的以正义为核心的道德教育模式和以关怀为核心的道德教育模式,阐述了这两种模式的合理性及其局限性,指出完善的道德和道德教育应是正义与关怀的融合。本论文试图沿着西方道德发展的脉络,通过阐述这两种不同的道德观及其特点,来对道德的本质及其价值取向进行更加准确的定位,并在这一新的道德观的指导下,对道德教育应做出的一些相应的变化进行思考,从而为当今不断高涨的关于加强青少年道德教育的呼声提出一些建议。本论文主要由四部分组成。第一章首先对作为西方传统道德的核心——正义进行了研究,阐述了何为正义、为什么产生正义、正义是如何演变的等问题,并在此基础上对以正义为核心的道德认知发展理论进行了分析研究。然后,对正义自身无法克服的局限性和时代条件的变化进行了分析,指出正义的产生具有其独特的社会背景和历史条件,当时代条件发生变化时,正义由于其自身的局限性无法适应这一变化而陷入困境,时代条件的变化呼唤关怀在道德和道德教育中的核心位置,这是第二章的内容。第三章对作为道德和道德教育核心的关怀进行了分析研究,阐述了何为关怀、关怀伦理是如何产生的、以关怀为核心的道德教育具有哪些特点等问题。本论文的第四章主要分析了关怀的合理性和局限性,指出理想的道德和道德教育应该是关怀与正义的融合。
[Abstract]:The maturity of moral education theory is closely related to two major factors in academic resources, one is the theoretical supply of ethics, the other is the ecological integration of pedagogy theory and ethical theory. Therefore, the development and perfection of ethics theory is the premise and foundation of the development and perfection of moral education theory. Different understanding of morality will result in different goals, contents, methods and organizational forms of moral education. Therefore, in order to make the moral education work achieve the ideal effect, it is far from enough to carry on the moral education goal, content, method, organization form and so on. In order to make a real breakthrough in moral education, we must have a correct understanding of morality itself, especially the core of morality, and more accurately position the essence of morality and its value orientation. Whether the orientation of morality is accurate or not is directly related to the success or failure of moral education. On the basis of this understanding, this paper makes a comprehensive study of western morality by using historical method, literature method and comparative method. Through the study of the morality in the western history, it is pointed out that the western traditional morality takes justice as the core, until the 1970s and 1980s, justice fell into a dilemma because of its own limitations and changes in the conditions of the times. The change of times conditions calls for solicitude as the core of morality. The change of moral core is bound to bring about the change of the way and method of moral education. The moral education with justice as the core makes the moral education move towards the cognitive path, and the moral education with concern as the core makes the moral education move towards the emotional path. This paper mainly analyzes the western moral education model with justice as the core and the concern as the core, and expounds the rationality and limitation of these two models. It is pointed out that perfect moral and moral education should be the fusion of justice and care. This paper attempts to follow the development of western morality, through the elaboration of these two different moral concepts and their characteristics, to more accurately position the nature of morality and its value orientation, and under the guidance of this new moral concept, Some corresponding changes should be made in moral education, so as to put forward some suggestions for strengthening moral education of teenagers. This paper consists of four parts. The first chapter studies justice, which is the core of western traditional morality, and expounds the problems of what justice is, why justice is produced, and how justice evolves. On the basis of this, the theory of moral cognitive development with justice as the core is analyzed and studied. Then, the author analyzes the limitations that justice itself cannot overcome and the changes of times conditions, and points out that the emergence of justice has its unique social background and historical conditions, when the conditions of the times change, Because justice cannot adapt to this change because of its own limitations, the change of times conditions calls for the core position of care in moral and moral education, which is the content of the second chapter. The third chapter analyzes and studies the care as the core of morality and moral education, expounds what is the care, how the care ethics comes into being, and what are the characteristics of the moral education with the care as the core. Chapter four mainly analyzes the rationality and limitation of solicitude, and points out that the ideal moral and moral education should be the fusion of solicitude and justice.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G41

【引证文献】