美国“项目引路”项目研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 05:11

本文关键词： 美国技术教育 PLTN　出处：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的迅速发展,技术教育在各种教育领域中的重要性日益凸显。尤其从上世纪80年代以来,世界各国对基础教育层面的技术教育开始了高度重视。美国作为世界上最大的技术强国,一直致力于提高其技术教育的质量。“项目引路”(Project Lead The Way,简称PLTW)项目是在全美范围内规模最大的技术教育项目之一,其优质的课程、注重实践的教师培训、强有力地保障措施和有效的合作途径在全美范围内引起了广泛的影响。本文从美国技术教育发展史入手,系统探讨美国PLTW项目的具体内容,总结其取得的成就,最后结合其特点说明我国技术教育存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议。论文的第一部分阐述了美国技术教育的发展脉络,技术教育的目标及其实施方式,为PLTW项目的发展背景做了铺垫；第二部分对美国PLTW项目进行深入探讨,主要从其形成背景、实施目标、管理构架、课程和教学、教师培训、实施过程进行了系统的论述;第三部分分别从外部和内部两个层面对美国PLTW项目实施的保障机制进行了分析并总结出政府的政策支持、社会各类机构的资金支持以及项目的内部支持体系为项目的如期运行所提供的保障；第四部分在对第二和第三部分的论述和分析进行总结的基础上,得出PLTW项目实施的成果和有效实施的关键因素,如优质的课程、APPB (activities-, project-,and problem-based, APPB)教学方式、注重实践的教师培训、多方位合作以及有效的保障机制,同时提出了项目在费用、课程评价以及教育公平方面所存在的问题；第五部分基于以上美国PLTW项目的系统分析,简单论述我国技术教育实施的现状和存在的问题,对我国技术教育的发展实践提出了以下建议：建构丰富的课程资源；增加技术教师培训,促进教师专业发展；创新课程教学方式,体现技术课程教学的真正实践性；加强政策保障,带动民间组织的力量；要促进中小学和大学的合作；把工程教育理念融入技术教育中。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the importance of technical education in various fields of education has become increasingly prominent, especially since -20s. Countries all over the world have begun to attach great importance to technological education in the basic education level. The United States is the largest technological power in the world. Has been working to improve the quality of its technical education. "Project Lead The Way". The PLTW program is one of the largest technical education programs in the United States, with high-quality courses and hands-on teacher training. Strong safeguard measures and effective ways of cooperation have caused a wide range of influence in the United States. This paper starts with the history of technical education in the United States, and systematically discusses the specific contents of the American PLTW project. This paper summarizes its achievements, and finally explains the problems existing in our country's technical education combined with its characteristics, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The first part of the paper describes the development of technical education in the United States, the objectives of technical education and its implementation methods, for the development of the PLTW project to pave the way; The second part of the PLTW project in the United States in-depth discussion, mainly from its formation background, implementation objectives, management framework, curriculum and teaching, teacher training, the implementation process of a systematic discussion; The third part analyzes the guarantee mechanism of PLTW project implementation in the United States from the external and internal levels, and summarizes the policy support of the government. The fund support of all kinds of social organizations and the guarantee of the internal support system of the project for the scheduled operation of the project; On the basis of summarizing the discussion and analysis of the second and third parts, the 4th part draws the results of PLTW project implementation and the key factors of effective implementation, such as high-quality curriculum. APPB activities-project-and-problem-based (APPB-based) teaching methods, focusing on practical teacher training. Multi-directional cooperation and effective guarantee mechanism, at the same time put forward the project in terms of cost, curriculum evaluation and education equity problems; Based on the systematic analysis of the above PLTW project, the 5th part briefly discusses the current situation and existing problems of the implementation of technical education in China. This paper puts forward the following suggestions on the development practice of technical education in China: constructing rich curriculum resources; Increasing the training of technical teachers to promote the professional development of teachers; Innovating the teaching method of the course and embodying the real practicality of the teaching of the technology course; Strengthen the policy guarantee, promote the strength of the non-governmental organizations; To promote cooperation between primary and secondary schools and universities; The concept of engineering education should be integrated into technical education.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G571.2

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