父母依恋、婚姻质量与幼儿依恋的关系研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 15:37

【摘要】：幼儿依恋(infant attachment)是指幼儿和他的照顾者(一般为父母亲)之间存在的一种特殊的感情关系,产生于幼儿与其照料者相互作用的过程中,是父母与子女间感情上的联结和纽带。幼儿与监护人(母亲)的依恋特质对幼儿认知、情感和社会性的发展起极其重要的作用。自20世纪60年代以来,幼儿依恋就成为儿童个性和社会性发展方面的重要研究领域之一。随着积极心理学研究的深入,国内外研究者更加关注幼儿依恋。通过对幼儿依恋影响机制的探索,发现家庭是影响幼儿依恋的重要因素。概括已有研究可知,对幼儿依恋的研究包含父母教养方式、母亲敏感性和反应性、家庭氛围、父母抚养质量、家庭结构等方面,而对父母婚姻质量、父母依恋的研究较少。众所周知,婚姻是构成家庭的基础,父母婚姻质量的高低必然会影响幼儿依恋;父母作为幼儿的养育者,他们本身的依恋模式会影响其抚养方式和对幼儿需求的反应,进而对幼儿依恋产生作用。并且已有研究表明父母婚姻质量与幼儿依恋显著正相关;父母依恋对幼儿依恋有显著的预测作用;父母对婚姻质量的感知受父母依恋的影响。根据“生态系统理论”,家庭系统的各个子系统相互影响、相互作用。因此,作为家庭子系统的父母依恋、父母婚姻质量、幼儿依恋之间也必然有复杂的关系。据此,本研究抽取济南市一所公立幼儿园216名幼儿为被试,使用洪佩佩编制的《幼儿依恋问卷》、吴薇莉等人翻译修订的《成人依恋量表》、ENRICH,Olson等人编制的《0Ison婚姻质量问卷》,分别测量幼儿的依恋行为、父母依恋和父母婚姻质量,进一步探讨三者的关系。研究结果发现:(1)幼儿依恋不存在显著性别差异,但存在显著年龄差异。5岁组幼儿的交互顺畅性得分明显高于4岁组和3岁组,4岁组和3岁组不存在显著差异;5岁组幼儿依恋总体水平高于3岁组,其他两两之间差异不显著。(2)母亲依恋、母亲婚姻质量对幼儿依恋有显著预测作用。母亲依恋的焦虑维度可以负向预测幼儿依恋总体水平和交互顺畅性;母亲婚姻质量的子女与婚姻可以正向预测幼儿依恋的总体水平以及依恋—探索、交互顺畅性、社交活跃性三个维度,与亲友关系可以正向预测幼儿的社交活跃性。(3)父亲依恋和婚姻质量对幼儿依恋均没有预测作用,但是父亲依恋的焦虑维度与幼儿依恋显著负相关,父亲婚姻质量与幼儿依恋呈正相关。(4)母亲婚姻质量在母亲焦虑与幼儿交互顺畅性之间起完全中介作用。(5)父亲婚姻质量在父亲焦虑与幼儿社交活跃性之间起到完全中介作用。
[Abstract]:Infant attachment (infant attachment) is a special emotional relationship between a child and his carer (usually a parent). It comes from the process of interaction between the child and his carer, and is the emotional connection and bond between the parents and their children. The attachment between child and guardian (mother) plays a very important role in the development of children's cognition, emotion and sociality. Since 1960's, infant attachment has become one of the important research fields in children's personality and social development. With the development of positive psychology, researchers at home and abroad pay more attention to infant attachment. By exploring the mechanism of infantile attachment, it is found that family is an important factor affecting infant attachment. In summary, the researches on infant attachment include parental rearing style, mother sensitivity and reactivity, family atmosphere, parental upbringing quality, family structure and so on, but few researches on parental marriage quality and parental attachment. As we all know, marriage is the foundation of the family, and the quality of parents' marriage will inevitably affect the attachment of young children. As nurturers of young children, their own attachment patterns will affect their rearing style and response to the needs of young children. And then on the child attachment to produce the effect. It has been shown that parental marriage quality is significantly positively correlated with infant attachment; parental attachment has a significant predictive effect on infant attachment; parents' perception of marriage quality is affected by parental attachment. According to the ecosystem theory, the subsystems of the family system interact and interact. Therefore, as a family subsystem of parental attachment, parental marriage quality, infant attachment must also have a complex relationship. Accordingly, 216 children from a public kindergarten in Jinan were selected as subjects. The 0Ison marital quality questionnaire was compiled by Hong Pei Pei and Wu Wei Li, and translated by Wu Wei-li, et al., to measure the attachment behavior, parental attachment and marital quality of young children, respectively. Further explore the relationship between the three. The results showed that: (1) there was no significant gender difference in child attachment. However, there was no significant difference between 5 years old group and 3 years old group. The overall level of attachment in 5 years old group was higher than that in 3 year old group. There was no significant difference between the other two. (2) the maternal attachment and the marriage quality of the mother had a significant predictive effect on the attachment of young children. The anxiety dimension of maternal attachment can negatively predict the overall level of attachment and smoothness of interaction, while the quality of mother's marriage can positively predict the overall level of attachment, attachment exploration and interaction. There are three dimensions of social activity, and the relationship with relatives and friends can positively predict the social activity of young children. (3) both father attachment and marriage quality have no predictive effect on infant attachment, but the anxiety dimension of father attachment is negatively correlated with infant attachment. There was a positive correlation between the quality of father's marriage and the child's attachment. (4) the quality of the mother's marriage played a complete intermediary role between the anxiety of the mother and the smoothness of the child's interaction. (5) the quality of the father's marriage played a complete intermediary role between the anxiety of the father and the social activity of the child.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.12

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