大学生学习适应性：结构、发展特点与影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 22:25

本文关键词： 大学生学习适应性发展特点影响因素　出处：《西南师范大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 大学生学习适应性指大学生依据学习内外条件的变化及自身学习需要，主动调整自己的学习动力与行为，使自身的学习心理和行为与不断变化的学习条件相互协调，取得良好学习成就的能力特征。这一能力水平主要通过学生的学习动力、学习行为两个基本方面来体现。研究大学生学习适应性是大学生适应社会发展的客观要求，是大学生心理素质健康发展自身成才的需要，也是学生心理素质教育理论与实践的迫切要求。目前国外对大学生学习适应性有一定的初步研究，但国内这方面的研究还相对缺乏，更没有专门的大学生学习适应性量表。本研究以编制“大学生学习适应性问卷”(ULAQ)作为测量工具，揭示大学生学习适应性发展的特点，探讨大学生学习适应性的影响因素。本研究采用专家咨询问卷和对学生进行开放式调查问卷相结合的方法，参考国内外相关研究，编制大学生学习适应性预试问卷，根据测量学标准剔除部分项目之后采用因素分析的方法得出大学生学习适应性的维度，并编制了正式问卷。通过对四川和重庆两地有代表性的几所高校共1765名大学生的调查，分析结果表明： (1) 大学生学习适应性结构由两个维度、8个因素构成的多维度、多层次的结构模型。学习动力维度由专业兴趣、自主学习、压力应对三个因素构成；学习行为维度由方法应用、求助行为、信息利用、环境选择和知识应用等五个因素构成。实证模型与理论构想模型基本拟合。 (2) 本研究在理论构想与实证构想的基础上编制的大学生学习适应性问卷，通过统计检验表明具有良好的信度和效度，是测评大学生学习适应性较为理想的工具。 (3) 大学生学习适应性基本上不存在性别上的差异，但在信息利用因子上男生明显好于女生。大学生学习适应性:结构、发展特点与形晌因众研究 (4)整体上，大学生学习适应性存在显著的年级差异，表现为随年级增高而下降的趋势，但在各维度与因子水平，发展具有不平衡性，但总的来看，大二和大四是适应相对不良的时期，也是适应教育与辅导的关键期。 (5)在生源上，存在显著的学习适应性差异，总体上，农村学生较之城市学生学习适应性发展得更好，水平更高，但在专业兴趣上，城市学生好于农村学生。 (6)在专业类型上，存在显著的学习适应性差异，总体上表现为理科文科艺体，但在各维度与因子水平上则发展相对不平衡。 (7)在教养方式上，民主型教养方式下学习适应性优于其他教养方式，但专制的教养方式亦具有适应上的优势，反映出中国传统家庭教育具有权威性的特征。 (8)在心理健康水平上，心理健康水平高的学生的学习适应性亦好，且差异显著，提示心理素质与学生学习适应性有较大的关系。 (9)在总体上和各维度与因子水平，大学生学习适应性的发展存在不平衡性。 (10)多元回归分析和路径分析表明，个人因素、学校因素、社会因素和社交因素对学生适应性产生直接效应，同时四者又互为中介对学习适应性产生间接效应，家庭因素则通过个体因素、社会因素和学校因素对学习适应产生间接效应。本研究所确定的影响因素对大学生学习适应性具有较强的统计预测力。总之，本研究系统地考察了大学生学习适应性的内涵、结构、维度和因素，通过编制大学生学习适应性问卷，进一步调查分析了大学生学习适应性发展的特点，并对其原因作了一定程度上的推测性解释:通过多元回归与路径分析技术，考察了影响大学生学习适应性的主要因素。理论上，，本研究在一定程度上深入地研究了大学生学习适应性的问题，丰富了学校心理素质教育的内容和领域:实践上，本研究的意义在于为大学生学习心理辅导、心理素质教育与干预提供了理论支持和测量工具。
[Abstract]:Learning adaptability refers to the change of internal and external conditions of college students on the basis of learning and learning needs of students, take the initiative to adjust their own learning motivation and behavior, make their learning psychology and behavior with the changing characteristics of learning conditions of coordination, ability to achieve good learning achievement. This ability mainly through the students' learning motivation, to reflect the two the basic aspects of learning behavior. The research of Undergraduates' learning adaptability of college students is to adapt to the objective requirements of social development, is the need of College Students' psychological quality and healthy development of their own talent, but also the students' psychological quality education theory and practice of the urgent requirements. At present on learning adaptability of university students there are some studies, but domestic research in this area is still relatively short. No learning adaptability scale specialized college students. In this study, preparation of undergraduates "learning adaptability questionnaire" (U LAQ) as a measuring tool, the characteristics of College Students' learning adaptability development are revealed and the influencing factors of College Students' learning adaptability are discussed.
This research adopts the methods of expert consultation questionnaire and open questionnaire combination of students, related research at home and abroad, the preparation of students learning adaptability questionnaire pretest method according to the measurement standard, after removing part of the project by using the factor analysis of Undergraduates' learning adaptability dimensions, and the preparation of the formal questionnaire.
Through the investigation of 1765 college students in several representative colleges and universities in Sichuan and Chongqing, the results show that:
(1) college students' learning adaptability structure consists of two dimensions, multi dimensions of the 8 factors, the structure model of multi hierarchy. The dimensionality of learning motivation by professional interest, autonomous learning, pressure to deal with the three factors; learning behavior by dimension method is used to help seeking behavior, information utilization, environment selection and knowledge application five factors. The empirical model and theoretical model basically fitted.
(2) based on the theoretical framework and empirical research, the questionnaire of College Students' learning adaptability is established. The statistical test shows that it has a good reliability and validity, and is an ideal tool to evaluate college students' learning adaptability.
(3) there is no gender difference in college students' learning adaptability, but boys are better than girls on information utilization factors.
College Students' learning adaptability: structure, characteristics and development of shape because the research
(4) on the whole, there is a significant grade difference in college students' learning adaptability, which shows a decline with the increase of grade.
The trend, but in all dimensions and factors level, development is imbalanced, but in general, the sophomore and the fourth are adapted.
The relatively bad period is also the key period to adapt to education and guidance.
(5) there are significant differences in learning adaptability in the source of life. On the whole, rural students are more than urban students.
The adaptability is better and higher, but in the professional interest, the city students are better than the rural students.
(6) in the professional type, there are significant differences in learning adaptability, the overall performance of the liberal arts art,
However, the development of each dimension and factor level is relatively unbalanced.
(7) in the way of education, the learning adaptability of the Democratic rearing mode is better than the other ways of education, but the despotism
The way of cultivation also has the advantages of adaptation, which reflects the authoritative characteristics of Chinese traditional family education.
(8) at the level of mental health, the students with high mental health level have good learning adaptability, and the difference is significant.
It is suggested that the psychological quality has a great relationship with the students' learning adaptability.
(9) there is an imbalance in the development of College Students' learning adaptability in general and on the level of all dimensions and factors.
(10) multiple regression analysis and path analysis show personal factors, school factors, social factors and social factors.
There is a direct effect on students' adaptability, and the four mediator has an indirect effect on learning adaptability.
It has an indirect effect on learning adaptation through individual factors, social factors and school factors.
The sound factors have strong statistical prediction ability for college students' learning adaptability.
In a word, this study systematically examines the connotation, structure, dimensions and factors of College Students' learning adaptability through the compilation of their learning adaptability.
The questionnaire of College Students' learning adaptability is made, and the characteristics of the development of College Students' learning adaptability are further investigated and analyzed.
Because of a certain degree of speculative explanation: through multiple regression and path analysis technology, the study of the influence of College Students' study
The main factor in adaptability is the study of College Students' learning adaptability in a certain degree.
The problem has enriched the content and field of school psychological quality education: in practice, the significance of this study lies in the study of College Students
Psychological guidance and psychological quality education and intervention provide theoretical support and measurement tools.

【学位授予单位】：西南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：G441

【引证文献】