教师经验及其生成

发布时间：2018-03-03 21:27

本文选题：经验　切入点：教师经验　出处：《华中科技大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 经验是主体在生活世界中通过自我与他人、自我与世界的交互作用所生成的知识、思想与体验的统一体。经验总是在实践中“做”出来的，以指导实践为旨归，因此，经验具有实践性。经验总是经验主体以先有经验为基础，在生活世界中通过“结对”、“同感”、“共现”而“构造”、“理解”与“筹划”的经验世界，因此，经验具有建构性。经验是连续的和开放的，过去的经验总是影响着当下的经验及当下经验主体未来经验的生成。在实践活动中的经验主体通过与经验客体的交互主体性的经验交流，，认识到自己经验的有限，主动打开自身，模仿与吸纳他人的经验，并进而在自我经验的基础上完成自己经验的更新。这说明经验具有不可重复性和可共享性。教师经验是一个动态的、整体性的、连续性的、生活性的建构过程。这就要求我们认识教师经验要采取整体性的、主客统一的、生成性的思维方式。当前，认识教师经验主要有基于主客二分的传统认识论和机械实践论两种思维方式。这两种思维方式追求外在普适性知识，并苛求以这些外在的普遍知识(理论)对个体性教师的规训，忽略了教师的生活世界及教师当下的生存状态，导致了外部知识与教师经验的断裂，势必会把教师经验看做对于教师专业发展意义不大的静态性存在，从而把教师经验抽象化与扁平化。正确认识教师经验的思维方式是主客统一的“理解”的思维方式。教师是人的存在与教育性存在的统一体。教师经验生成于教师的实践活动及自身“生于斯，长于斯”的生活世界。教师的生活世界集复杂性、矛盾性、非课题性、直观性等特征于一体，影响着教师经验的方式、方法、结果暨生活。教师经验总是教师个体的经验，总是受过去经验影响并与过去经验息息相关。教师经验通过教师经验主体在生活世界中与经验客体的交流、对话、理解的“视域融合”而得以生成。教师经验是对教育活动“情有独钟”的经验，具有教育意向性。这就保证了教师经验主体与他人经验互动的可能。教师经验不仅仅包括教师的知识、思想，还包括教师在自己生活世界中的诸多体验。教师经验是一个集教师知识、思想与体验交互统整的经验世界。教师经验具有个体性、建构性、连续性、整体性、生活性、教育意向性等诸多特征。从生成机制上说，教师经验是通过教师经验主体对自己经验“视域”内的自然文本、人文文本、人际文本的理解而生成的。教师在理解这些文本时，并不是一个纯粹的教师个体，而是一个“复数”的经验主体。教师带有原有经验的影子，在外在文化、制度、传统等文本的影响下，意识到自我经验与文本经验“视域融合”的必要，在开放自我经验的过程中，体验到自我经验的意义与有限，通过“构造”与“理解”的经验方式，最终使自我的经验与文本的经验融合在一起，生成新的经验，促成了自我的理解。以此为思维指导，教师需要树立终身学习的观念，向自然、社会、他人、自我学习，以丰富自我的经验基础。教师研究要走向“教师经验研究”，重在以整体性的思维方式开展研究，努力实现从实体思维向实践思维、从“外砾”到“内发”、从关注教师知识与能力到注重教师经验及其生成的范式转型。教师教育要走向内涵式和整体性道路，关注教师经验生成的建构性、生活性及个体性，从伦理维度追求有意义的教育，从专业维度追求教师知识、技能、思想的三位一体，以保证教师经验的连续性与整体性。
[Abstract]:Experience is the main body in the world by self and others, self and interaction of the world generated knowledge, unity of thought and experience. Experience is always in the practice of "making", to guide the practice for the purpose, therefore, the experience of practical experience. Experience is always subject to prior experience based on the life world through "twinning", "Empathy", "harmony" and "structure", "understanding" and "planning" the experience of the world, therefore, has the constructive experience. Experience is continuous and open, the experience of the past generation always influences the current experience and current the main experience of future experience. The main experience in the practice through the exchange of experience and experience of interaction of the main object, to realize their own experience, take the initiative to open their own, imitate and absorb the experience of others, and in self experience Update your own experience. This shows that experience is not repeatable and shared.
The teacher's experience is a dynamic, comprehensive, continuous, the construction process of life. This requires us to take a holistic understanding of the teacher's experience, subjective and objective unity, the generative thinking. The understanding of teachers' experience include subjective and objective two the traditional epistemology and Practice on the two machine based on this kind of mode of thinking. Two ways of thinking in pursuit of universal knowledge, and demanding to the general knowledge of the external (Theory) to restrict the individual teacher, ignoring the teachers' life and teacher's survivalcondition, led to the fracture of external knowledge and teachers' experience, is bound to the teacher there is little experience as a static state for the professional development of teachers and the teachers experience meaning, abstraction and flattening. Correct understanding of teachers' experience of the mode of thinking is the unity of the subject and the object of "understanding" way of thinking.
The teacher is the unity of human existence and education. The teacher's experience is produced in the practice of teachers and their "born and bred" life world. Teachers' life in complexity, contradiction, non subject, intuitive and other features in one method affect the teachers experience,. The results and experience of individual teachers. Teachers always life experience, is always affected by past experience and is closely related with past experience. Teachers experience through teachers' experience in the life world and the main object of experience exchanges, dialogue, understanding "horizon fusion" is generated. Teachers' experience of educational activities is "soft spot" experience with educational intentionality. It ensures that the teachers experience subject and others may experience interactive experience not only includes teachers. Teachers' knowledge, ideas, including teachers in their own lives in the world Multiple experience. Teacher experience is an experience world that integrates teacher knowledge and thought and experience. Teacher experience has many characteristics, such as individuality, constructivism, continuity, entirety, life and educational intentionality.
From the forming mechanism, teacher's experience is subject to their own experience through the teachers experience the "Horizon" in natural text, cultural text, interpersonal comprehension of text generated by the teachers. To understand the text, is not a purely individual teachers, subject of experience but a "complex" with the original teacher. Experience of the shadow, in the external system, the influence of traditional culture, such as text, text awareness of experience and experience of "fusion of Horizons" necessary in opening the self experience, self experience to experience the significance and experience is limited, by way of "structure" and "understanding", and finally to experience the text of self experience together, create new experience, contribute to the self understanding.
As a thinking guide, teachers should establish the concept of lifelong learning, to nature, society, others, self learning, to enrich myself. Experience of teachers' research to teachers' experience, to carry out research on holistic thinking mode of thinking, and strive to achieve from entity thinking to practice, from the "gravel" to "send", the transition from the teachers' knowledge and ability to pay attention to teachers' experience and the formation of teacher education paradigm. To the connotation and the integrity of the road construction, pay attention to teachers' experience generated, and individual life, the pursuit of meaningful education from the angle of ethics, the pursuit of teachers' knowledge, professional skills from the dimensions three-in-one, thought, to ensure the continuity and integrity of the teacher's experience.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G451.1

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