教育选择论
发布时间：2018-08-08 11:55
【摘要】： 教育是“人为”和“为人”的统一。在现实的教育运行中,教育的“人为”主要表现为,实施教育者在历史给定和容许的条件、空间之内,根据社会和受教者对教育的需要和要求,根据教育自身存在与发展的需要而不断地进行教育选择。在历史背景、社会环境、教育条件等诸种既有因素所蕴含、构成的弹性选择空间内,施教者的选择不同,教育就会呈现不同的“人为”之运作和不同的“为人”之效果。简而言之,教育是一种人为的选择性存在。在选择权由集中控制转向分散拥有、可能性选择空间日益增大的后计划经济时代,此命题显得尤为重要。 本文把为了实施教育而自主进行的选择称为“教育选择”。教育选择之于教育本身,既是本体性的,亦是工具性的:教育选择并非独立于教育之外的异物,其本身即教育实践活动,教育的发生同时意味着教育选择的进行,两者是同在的,故曰本体性的;同时,教育选择又不完全是教育本身,施教者是为了实施教育而选择,选择属于为了教育而进行的准备性工作,选择本身发挥着促成、推进教育运行、发展的功效,故曰工具性的。教育选择之于教育的本体性和工具性皆源于教育选择的根本目的——为了实施教育:选择目的既内在地决定着选择的性质,亦对选择行为构成支配,使选择与教育实施同在,同时又是推动教育发展的工具。对于实践主体而言,教育选择之所以能够现实地发生,前提是选择者拥有为了实施教育而自主选择的权利(包括能力和资格),没有教育选择权就不会有教育选择。换言之,教育选择总是教育选择权限内的自主选择,超出了权限,选择主体就不能自主。 教育选择不是简单地从既有教育之中进行“多中取少”的挑选或择选,教育选择本质上是施教者通过对有益于教育实施的各种因素的选择而不断地建构、形成、促成和创造新的教育。受教者作为参与教育的重要主体,他们对教育的需求,无疑对教育的实施起着重要的制约、影响的作用,但受教者对教育的制约和影响是从接受教育的向度,从既成的教育之中选择自己所需要的教育(包括学校、教师、课程等诸般教育资源)和向施教者提出自己所需要的教育,由于受教者不是教育的实施者,其对教育的制约和影响必须通过施教者得以体现,现有的教育和施教者的存在乃是受教者选择接受什么教育和如何接受教育的前提。教育选择的本质是建构和创造一种新的教育,即将应然的教育转化为实然的教育。实然教育仅仅是教育发展进程中诸多可能性选择中的一种经过选择而实现了的可能性,究竟哪一种应然教育最终会成为实然教育以及实然教育究竟以何种形态呈现,必须和必然经过施教者进行教育选择。 时代背景、社会环境、科学技术、教育现状、经济、政治、文化以及选择者的个人主观成分等种种当下既有因素所组合、融合而成的整体状况,形成了教育选择的背景,构成了教育选择的约束条件和支持条件,教育选择就是在这个背景的制约和框定的弹性空间内进行的。施教者的教育选择水平主要体现在,在特定选择目的的支配和引导下,审时度势,综合选择依据,把握选择时机,做出合适安排,竭力发挥自身潜能而充分利用现有条件,使有助于教育发展的各种潜力得到更加充分地发挥和利用,使教育在自觉、合适的选择中获得更充分的发展。通过教育选择的实践效果和教育选择的现实条件的比较,我们可以一定程度上判断出教育选择水平的高低。但实践的评判标准具有模糊性、滞后性的缺陷,并且实现了的教育总是唯一的,这导致了教育选择水平的高低具有某种程度上的不可判断或不可证性,教育选择主体可以种种理由和借口而推卸自己本应承担的责任。教育选择属于为了教育利益而进行的类选择,超越了为了一己私利而进行的个体选择,为了使教育获得更好的实施,选择主体可能要付出个人代价和作出自我牺牲,对教育不负责任或错误的选择会使教育付出代价。因此,教育选择水平不仅仅表征着主体的选择能力,还蕴含着强烈的道德精神和科学精神。 教育的实施过程事实上也是教育选择的过程,任何教育实施,无不体现和需要教育实施者的选择。本文选取东营市教育实施中的几个典型的体现教育选择的案例进行剖析,分析了教育选择对于教育实施的重要意义和教育选择的具体过程。
[Abstract]:Education is the unity of "human" and "man". In the actual educational operation, the "artificial" of education is mainly manifested in the implementation of the educator in the given and permissible conditions of history, within the space, according to the needs and requirements of the society and the educated to the education, and constantly carry out educational choice according to the needs of the existence and development of education itself. In the historical background, the social environment, the educational conditions and other factors which are contained in the elastic selection space, the choice of the educator is different, the education will show the different "human" operation and the different effect of "people". In short, education is a kind of selective existence. This proposition is particularly important in the era of post planned economy with the increasing space and possibility of choice.
The choice of education in order to implement education is called "educational choice". Education choice is not only noumenal but also instrumental. Education choice is not a foreign object independent of education. It is the practice of education itself, and the occurrence of education means the choice of education. At the same time, the choice of education is not entirely the education itself, and the educational choice is chosen for the implementation of education, the choice of the preparatory work which belongs to the education, the choice itself to play the role of promoting, promoting the operation of education, the efficiency of development, and the instrumental nature of education. The choice of education is derived from the teaching of the noumenon and the instrumentality of education. The fundamental purpose of breeding selection is to implement education: the choice of the purpose not only determines the nature of the choice, but also dominates the choice behavior, and makes the choice and education implement the same, and it is a tool to promote the development of education. For the practical subject, the choice of education can happen realistically, the premise is that the choice is owned by the choice. The right to choose independently (including ability and qualification) in the implementation of education does not have an educational choice without the right to educational choice. In other words, the choice of educational choice is always the independent choice within the educational choice, beyond the authority, and the choice of the subject can not be independent.
Education selection is not a simple choice or selection of "more and less" from the existing education. Educational choice is essentially a teacher who builds, forms, promotes and creates a new education through the selection of various factors beneficial to education. The subject of education is an important part of education and their demand for education. Undoubtedly, it plays an important restriction and influence on the implementation of education, but the restriction and influence of the educator on education is to choose the education (including schools, teachers, curriculum and other kinds of educational resources) and to give the educator the education they need from the existing education. The restrictive and influence of education must be embodied by the instructor. The existence of the existing education and the existence of the educator is the prerequisite for the educated and how to accept education. The essence of the education choice is to construct and create a new education, and to turn the education into a real education. But education is only a possibility in the choice of many possibilities in the course of education development. What kind of education should eventually become real education and what form the real education is, must and inevitably pass through the educational choice of the educator.
The background of the times, the social environment, the science and technology, the educational situation, the economy, the politics, the culture and the individual subjective composition of the selector are combined and integrated into the overall situation, which forms the background of educational selection, and forms the constraints and support conditions for the choice of Education, and the choice of education is the restriction of this background. The educational selection level of the instructor is mainly reflected in the level of educational choice of the educator, which is mainly in the direction of the specific choice and guidance, the review of the time, the comprehensive selection basis, the timing of the selection, the proper arrangement, the full use of its own potential and the full utilization of the existing conditions, so that the potential for the development of education will be further enhanced. Give full play to and make use of it so that education can be more fully developed in self-conscious and appropriate choice. Through the comparison of the practical effects of educational selection and the actual conditions of educational selection, we can determine the level of educational selection to a certain extent. However, the evaluation standard of practice is fuzzy and lagging, and it has been realized. Education is always unique, which leads to a certain degree of injudgment or inconsistency in the level of educational selection. The subject of educational selection may shirk the responsibilities that we should undertake for various reasons and excuses. Education selection is a class choice for the benefit of education, which transcends the purpose of selfish interests. In order to make education better implemented, in order to make education better implemented, the choice of subject may pay personal cost and make self sacrifice. The irresponsibility or wrong choice of education will pay the price of education. Therefore, the level of education selection is not only a token of the choice ability of the subject, but also contains a strong moral spirit and a scientific spirit.
In fact, the implementation process of education is also a process of education selection. Any education implementation, without exception, embodies and needs the choice of educational implementers. This article analyzes several typical cases of educational selection in the implementation of education in Dongying, and analyzes the significance of education selection for the implementation of education and the specific selection of education. Cheng.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G40
本文编号：2171715
[Abstract]:Education is the unity of "human" and "man". In the actual educational operation, the "artificial" of education is mainly manifested in the implementation of the educator in the given and permissible conditions of history, within the space, according to the needs and requirements of the society and the educated to the education, and constantly carry out educational choice according to the needs of the existence and development of education itself. In the historical background, the social environment, the educational conditions and other factors which are contained in the elastic selection space, the choice of the educator is different, the education will show the different "human" operation and the different effect of "people". In short, education is a kind of selective existence. This proposition is particularly important in the era of post planned economy with the increasing space and possibility of choice.
The choice of education in order to implement education is called "educational choice". Education choice is not only noumenal but also instrumental. Education choice is not a foreign object independent of education. It is the practice of education itself, and the occurrence of education means the choice of education. At the same time, the choice of education is not entirely the education itself, and the educational choice is chosen for the implementation of education, the choice of the preparatory work which belongs to the education, the choice itself to play the role of promoting, promoting the operation of education, the efficiency of development, and the instrumental nature of education. The choice of education is derived from the teaching of the noumenon and the instrumentality of education. The fundamental purpose of breeding selection is to implement education: the choice of the purpose not only determines the nature of the choice, but also dominates the choice behavior, and makes the choice and education implement the same, and it is a tool to promote the development of education. For the practical subject, the choice of education can happen realistically, the premise is that the choice is owned by the choice. The right to choose independently (including ability and qualification) in the implementation of education does not have an educational choice without the right to educational choice. In other words, the choice of educational choice is always the independent choice within the educational choice, beyond the authority, and the choice of the subject can not be independent.
Education selection is not a simple choice or selection of "more and less" from the existing education. Educational choice is essentially a teacher who builds, forms, promotes and creates a new education through the selection of various factors beneficial to education. The subject of education is an important part of education and their demand for education. Undoubtedly, it plays an important restriction and influence on the implementation of education, but the restriction and influence of the educator on education is to choose the education (including schools, teachers, curriculum and other kinds of educational resources) and to give the educator the education they need from the existing education. The restrictive and influence of education must be embodied by the instructor. The existence of the existing education and the existence of the educator is the prerequisite for the educated and how to accept education. The essence of the education choice is to construct and create a new education, and to turn the education into a real education. But education is only a possibility in the choice of many possibilities in the course of education development. What kind of education should eventually become real education and what form the real education is, must and inevitably pass through the educational choice of the educator.
The background of the times, the social environment, the science and technology, the educational situation, the economy, the politics, the culture and the individual subjective composition of the selector are combined and integrated into the overall situation, which forms the background of educational selection, and forms the constraints and support conditions for the choice of Education, and the choice of education is the restriction of this background. The educational selection level of the instructor is mainly reflected in the level of educational choice of the educator, which is mainly in the direction of the specific choice and guidance, the review of the time, the comprehensive selection basis, the timing of the selection, the proper arrangement, the full use of its own potential and the full utilization of the existing conditions, so that the potential for the development of education will be further enhanced. Give full play to and make use of it so that education can be more fully developed in self-conscious and appropriate choice. Through the comparison of the practical effects of educational selection and the actual conditions of educational selection, we can determine the level of educational selection to a certain extent. However, the evaluation standard of practice is fuzzy and lagging, and it has been realized. Education is always unique, which leads to a certain degree of injudgment or inconsistency in the level of educational selection. The subject of educational selection may shirk the responsibilities that we should undertake for various reasons and excuses. Education selection is a class choice for the benefit of education, which transcends the purpose of selfish interests. In order to make education better implemented, in order to make education better implemented, the choice of subject may pay personal cost and make self sacrifice. The irresponsibility or wrong choice of education will pay the price of education. Therefore, the level of education selection is not only a token of the choice ability of the subject, but also contains a strong moral spirit and a scientific spirit.
In fact, the implementation process of education is also a process of education selection. Any education implementation, without exception, embodies and needs the choice of educational implementers. This article analyzes several typical cases of educational selection in the implementation of education in Dongying, and analyzes the significance of education selection for the implementation of education and the specific selection of education. Cheng.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G40
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