我国大学生心理健康教育发展研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 08:59

【摘要】： 20世纪80年代中期以来，伴随社会的飞速发展及我国高等教育体制改革的不断深化，大学生所承受的心理压力不断加剧，提高大学生心理健康能力的呼声日益高涨，心理健康教育开始进入人们的视野并愈益彰显其独特的作用。大学生是承载着社会、家长高期望值的群体，从一定意义上讲，大学生产生一定的心理问题也正是他们想要有所作为、渴望有所成就所必须付出的一种代价。为了减少一些不必要的代价，不仅需要大学生自己的努力，而且，大学生心理健康教育工作负有不可推卸的重要职责。从社会发展来看，对心理健康的关注往往是伴随着现代化进程而突显出来的。随着现代社会的发展，人们对生活质量的追求不断提高，心理健康不仅仅意味着没有心理疾病，更是作为一种现代观念和现代能力渗入人心，心理素质的优劣将成为评价21世纪高等教育人才培养质量的重要指标。从国家政策来看，早在1994年8月31日中共中央《关于进一步加强和改进德育工作的若干意见》就正式使用“心理健康教育”一词，并自觉把心理健康教育纳入德育的视野，之后，1995年、1999年、2001年、2002年、2004年，国家政府相继出台系列文件，对我国大学生心理健康教育工作发展做出具体规定与指示，2005年1月，教育部再次颁布《关于进一步加强和改进大学生心理健康教育的意见》，进一步明确了大学生心理健康教育的总体要求，，提出要努力提高大学生心理健康教育工作水平，促进我国大学生心理健康工作发展和完善。全面审视我国大学生心理健康教育发展现状，在20多年的发展历程中，大学生心理健康教育在缓解学生心理压力、优化学生心理素质方面发挥了积极作用，但从教育实效性来看依然堪忧，在教育理念、教育内容、教育方式、教育队伍、教育质量等方面依然存在诸多问题，寻求进一步发展和提高是我国大学生心理健康教育在时代发展中不断获取自身价值和存在意义的必然选择。有发展才有进步，才是我国大学生心理健康教育不断获取生命活力的源泉。正是基于以上思考，本文选取大学生心理健康教育发展为视角，探索我国大学生心理健康教育的提高完善及发展建设问题。论文阐述了我国大学生心理健康教育发展的理论基础及现实依据，分析了我国大学生心理健康教育发展的主要内容，并就时代发展中我国大学生心理健康教育发展的主要趋势予以瞻望。第一，探讨了我国大学生心理健康教育发展的内涵与特征。文章从概念入手，对“心理健康、心理健康教育、大学生心理健康教育”予以界定。以此为基础，对我国大学生心理健康教育发展的内涵与特征展开分析，从时间维度看，心理健康教育发展是一个历史过程；从质性维度讲，大学生心理健康教育发展就是心理健康教育系统本身由低级到高级、由落后到先进、由传统到现代，不断获取时代新质的飞跃过程。心理健康教育发展不仅是时间上的更迭，而主要更是本质上的逾越。第二，总结了马克思主义心理观，分析了西方心理健康教育理论观念。马克思主义心理观是科学的辩证唯物主义心理观，实践是马克思主义心理观的核心，社会历史性是马克思主义心理观的本质特性，而西方三大经典理论则是寻求大学生心理健康教育发展的专业理论根源，对于我们更好地透视人们的心理世界，不断促进我国大学生心理健康教育完善与发展具有不可替代的理论指导与借鉴意义。同时，文章还回顾总结了国内外学校心理健康教育的发展历程与经验启示，这是我国大学生心理健康教育谋求进一步发展的现实依据与历史借鉴。第三，阐述了我国大学生心理健康教育发展的主要内容，包括以人为本的教育理念发展、走向生活的教育内容发展、显隐结合的教育方式发展三个方面。其中以人为本的教育理念是大学生心理健康教育的本质诉求；走向生活的教育内容是以人为本教育理念的具体要求和现实展现，主要论述了大学生婚恋教育、网络心理教育、生命教育、职业生涯规划指导等；以显为主、显隐结合的教育方式是体现教育理念发展，承载教育内容发展的重要途径，主要选取了高校心理咨询的价值取向、心理健康教育课程定位与发展、大学生寝室心理场的积极建构三个方面。第四，探讨了我国大学生心理健康教育发展的主要趋势，具体表现为本土化发展、专业化发展与综合化发展三向瞻望。在本土化发展趋势中论述了心理健康教育与思想政治教育相结合的特色化发展、传统文化心理思想与时代精神相结合的继承与超越、西方心理咨询理论与中国国情相结合的民族化发展；专业化发展主要从专业化理念、专业化队伍建设、规范化职业资格认证、科学的教育评估等方面筹划；综合化发展主要表现为大学生心理健康教育内涵和运行的综合化发展。最后，从实践操作的角度，探讨了构建有中国特色的大学生心理健康教育体系的理论方略：以人为本，开展教育发展性为主体的心理健康教育；主动出击，建设全方位心理健康教育服务网络；自我实现与社会价值并重，重视思想道德素质的心理促进；以队伍建设为契机，提高大学生心理健康教育在我国高等教育体系中的专业地位。
[Abstract]:Since the mid-1980s, with the rapid development of the society and the deepening of the reform of the higher education system in China, the psychological pressure on college students has been intensifying, and the voice of improving their mental health ability has been rising day by day. In a sense, college students'psychological problems are the price they have to pay for their desire to do something and achieve something. In order to reduce some unnecessary costs, not only college students' own efforts but also college students'mental health education are needed. From the perspective of social development, concern for mental health is often highlighted with the process of modernization. With the development of modern society, people's pursuit of the quality of life is constantly improving. Mental health not only means the absence of mental illness, but also as a modern concept and modern ability. Seen from the national policy, as early as August 31, 1994, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) formally used the term "mental health education" and consciously accepted it as "some opinions on Further Strengthening and improving moral education". From the perspective of moral education, in 1995, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2004, the national government issued a series of documents to make specific provisions and instructions on the development of mental health education for college students. In January 2005, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Opinions on Further Strengthening and improving mental health education for college students" and further clarified it. The General requirements of College Students'mental health education put forward that efforts should be made to improve the level of College Students' mental health education and promote the development and perfection of College Students'mental health work in China.
A comprehensive survey of the current situation of College Students'mental health education in China shows that in the course of more than 20 years' development, college students'mental health education has played an active role in alleviating students' psychological pressure and optimizing students'psychological quality. However, from the perspective of educational effectiveness, it is still worrying about the educational concept, educational content, educational mode, educational team and educational quality. There are still many problems in quantity and so on. Seeking further development and improvement is the inevitable choice for our college students'mental health education to obtain its own value and existence significance in the development of the times.
Based on the above considerations, this paper selects the development of College Students'mental health education as a perspective to explore the improvement and development of College Students' mental health education in China. It also looks forward to the main trend of the development of mental health education for college students in China.
Firstly, this paper discusses the connotation and characteristics of the development of College Students'mental health education in China. Starting from the concept, this paper defines "mental health, mental health education, and mental health education for college students". Educational development is a historical process; from the qualitative dimension, the development of mental health education for college students is a leap forward process in which the mental health education system itself is getting the new quality of the times from the lower to the higher, from the backward to the advanced, from the traditional to the modern. The development of mental health education is not only the change of time, but also the essence. The Passover.
Secondly, it summarizes the Marxist psychological outlook and analyzes the western theoretical concepts of mental health education. Marxist psychological outlook is a scientific dialectical materialist psychological outlook, practice is the core of Marxist psychological outlook, social history is the essential characteristics of Marxist psychological outlook, and the three classical western theories are to seek universities. The professional theoretical origin of the development of students'mental health education has irreplaceable theoretical guidance and reference significance for us to better understand people's mental world and constantly promote the improvement and development of College Students' mental health education in our country. This is the realistic basis and historical reference for the further development of mental health education for college students in China.
Thirdly, this paper expounds the main contents of the development of College Students'mental health education in China, including the development of people-oriented educational concept, the development of life-oriented educational content and the development of explicit and implicit combination of educational methods. Based on the specific requirements and reality of the people-oriented education concept, this paper mainly discusses college students'marriage and love education, network psychological education, life education, career planning guidance, etc. The education mode of giving priority to manifestation and combining manifestation with concealment is an important way to embody the development of educational concept and carry the development of educational content, and mainly selects college psychological consultation. The value orientation, the orientation and development of mental health education curriculum, and the active construction of College Students'dormitory psychological field are three aspects.
Fourthly, this paper discusses the main trend of the development of mental health education for college students in China, which is embodied in three aspects: localization, specialization and integration. Inheritance and transcendence, the nationalization of western psychological counseling theory combined with China's national conditions; specialization development mainly from the concept of specialization, professional team building, standardized professional qualification certification, scientific education evaluation and other aspects of planning; comprehensive development mainly manifested in the connotation and operation of College Students'mental health education comprehensive. Development.
Finally, from the perspective of practical operation, this paper discusses the theoretical strategy of constructing the mental health education system for college students with Chinese characteristics: putting people first, carrying out mental health education with educational development as the main body; taking the initiative to build an all-round mental health education service network; paying equal attention to self-realization and social value, and attaching importance to ideological and moral quality. Qualitative psychological promotion and team building as an opportunity to improve the professional status of College Students'mental health education in China's higher education system.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：B844.2

【引证文献】