大学生就业环境研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 22:29

本文关键词：大学生就业环境研究　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来大学生的就业环境并不乐观。自1999年我国高等教育扩招以来，大学生的人数开始逐年飙升。教育部称我国在2013年高等教育的毛入学率已经达到30%。这一事实说明我国的高等教育已经从精英化阶段进入到大众化阶段。而在这一时期，我国的大学生就业政策并不完善、大学生人力资源的供需结构性失衡、就业市场缺乏有效的大学生就业服务机制和用人单位片面的用人观等原因，使得社会不能吸纳所有的大学毕业生，，因此大学生就业难的问题不仅凸显并且逐年加重。大学生就业难的问题不仅是社会问题同时也是教育问题，它不仅影响着社会稳定，关系到我国数百万大学生及其家庭的切身利益；同时也预示国家教育结构性失衡，反映我国高等教育发展过程中存在的不足，因此解决大学生就业难的问题迫在眉睫。本研究主要采用文献分析、深度访谈和亲身观察等研究方法。研究旨在：首先，对大学生就业环境进行内涵分析，帮助人们准确、清晰的认识大学生就业环境。其次，调查大学生就业环境的现状，找出制约大学生就业的不利因素并分析产生的原因，帮助人们抓住解决大学生就业难问题的关键所在。最后，提出改善大学生就业环境的对策和建议，以期为解决大学生就业难的问题起到指导性作用。本文首先对大学生就业环境内涵分析，阐明大学生就业环境即是影响大学生就业的外部因素的总和，对大学生的成长和就业起决定性作用。其次，本研究基于大学生就业环境的内涵分析将大学生就业环境分成文化环境、政策环境、市场环境以及用人单位的观念环境等。通过研究发现：文化环境中“中庸”、“等级性”、“熟人关系”、“学而优则仕”、“家天下”、“男尊女卑”、“任人唯亲”和“门当户对”等思想制约大学生就业；国家就业政策不完善和落实不到位给大学生的就业带来了不利影响；市场环境由于国家经济发展不均衡、教育结构失衡等原因导致大学生人力资源结构性失衡并阻碍大学生就业；用人单位片面的用人观和人才观是导致就业歧视现象的主要原因，并破坏了大学生就业环境的公平性。最后，本研究为完善大学生就业环境提出解决对策：政府应当继续完善已有的大学生就业政策、大力扶持中小微型企业、健全大学生就业服务体系和市场监督体系以及进行人才结构调整；高校应当通过专业结构调整、职业指导工作和校企合作等措施促进大学生就业；用人单位应扭转用人观念并吸纳更多的人才。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the employment environment of college students is not optimistic. Since 1999, China's higher education enrollment expansion. The number of college students began to soar year by year. The Ministry of Education said that the gross enrolment rate of higher education in China had reached 30 percent in 2013. This fact shows that higher education in our country has moved from the elite stage to the popular level. And in this period. The employment policy of college students in China is not perfect, the structural imbalance between supply and demand of college students' human resources, the lack of effective employment service mechanism for college students in the employment market and the one-sided employment concept of employers, etc. The society can not absorb all university graduates, so the problem of college students' employment is not only prominent and aggravated year by year. The problem of college students' employment is not only a social problem but also an educational problem. It not only affects social stability, but also affects the vital interests of millions of college students and their families. At the same time, it also indicates the structural imbalance of national education, which reflects the shortcomings in the development of higher education in China, so it is urgent to solve the problem of employment difficulties of college students. This study mainly uses literature analysis, in-depth interviews and personal observation methods. The purpose of the study is: first of all, to analyze the connotation of the employment environment of college students to help people to be accurate. A clear understanding of the employment environment of college students. Secondly, investigate the current situation of the employment environment of college students, find out the unfavorable factors restricting the employment of college students and analyze the causes. Finally, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the employment environment of college students in order to play a guiding role in solving the problem of employment difficulties of college students. This paper first analyzes the connotation of the employment environment of college students, clarifies that the employment environment of college students is the sum of the external factors that affect the employment of college students, and plays a decisive role in the growth and employment of college students. Based on the connotation analysis of the employment environment of college students, this study divides the employment environment of college students into cultural environment and policy environment. The market environment and the concept environment of the employing unit. Through the research, we find that in the cultural environment, the "mean", "rank", "acquaintance relationship", "learning but excellent is official", "home world", "men are inferior to women". The thoughts of "cronyism" and "close match" restrict the employment of college students; The imperfection and implementation of the national employment policy have brought adverse effects to the employment of college students; Due to the imbalance of national economic development and educational structure, the market environment leads to the structural imbalance of university students' human resources and hinders the employment of college students. The employer's one-sided view of employment and talent are the main causes of employment discrimination, and undermine the fairness of the employment environment of college students. Finally. In order to improve the employment environment of college students, this study puts forward some countermeasures: the government should continue to improve the existing employment policies of college students, and vigorously support small and medium-sized enterprises. Improve the employment service system and market supervision system for college students and adjust the talent structure; Colleges and universities should promote the employment of college students through the adjustment of professional structure, the work of vocational guidance and the cooperation of universities and enterprises. The unit of choose and employ persons should reverse the concept of employment and absorb more talents.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G647.38

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