农业高校大学生创业教育研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 17:26

本文选题：农业　切入点：高校　出处：《四川农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自普通高校扩大招生规模以来,我国高校的毕业生人数持续增长,2014年我国高校毕业生人数达到727万,大学生就业难的问题日益突出,受到我国政府和社会的广泛关注。连续十一年来,中央一号文件聚焦“三农”,“三农”建设需要大量的具备现代化农业知识的创新创业人才。兴于美国、遍及世界的大学生创业教育,在我国已经成为理论界、政府、高校等相关职能部门研究的热点课题。开展农业高校大学生创业教育研究,培养适应社会发展需要的创新创业人才,在缓解当今就业压力,加快“三农”建设,促进社会和谐发展等方面具有重要的现实意义。在借鉴国外创业教育经验的基础上,我国的创业教育形成了将第一课堂与第二课堂相结合等几种初步的创业教育模式。但由于开展时间不长,创业教育的成效却与我们的愿望相差甚远,存在“形式多,内容少；投入多,收效少；尝试多,推进少”等现象；部分大学生参与创业,仅将创业作为副业来做,或仅为了申领创业补助资金,身兼几份工作或者是正在寻找更好、更稳定的工作等问题。主要原因在于我们对创业教育理念还缺乏足够和清醒的认识,未能形成明确的创业教育目标和内容,把创业教育与其现有的人才培养体系分离开来,把创业教育看成是政府强加给高校一项政治任务,将创业教育的目标看得太狭隘,认为高校开展创业教育就是要培养白手起家的“企业家”；同时把创业教育的目标定得太高、太大,奢望培养出像李彦宏、马化腾、马云那样的创业成功的企业家或大量的“大学生企业家”,使创业教育脱离大学生的认知水平和生活实际,导致高校的创业教育出现名义上发展良好、实际上效果不佳,名义上加强、实际上淡化等现象。本论文在国外高校创业教育模式以及国内学者的创业教育研究基础上,总结了部分农业高校开展创业教育所取得的成绩,结合自己的工作经验,综合采用文献法、比较研究法及实地调查研究法等技术方法,研究目前我国农业高校大学生创业教育面临的问题,将创业教育划分为广义创业教育和狭义创业教育,改变以往创业教育仅仅为就业服务的思想,探索创新创业教育培养体系,以创新促进创业,以创业带动就业的教育思想,从农业高校创业教育目标、模式、内容,国家政策、创业文化及环境建设等方面,构建农业高校大学生创业教育新路径。其主要内容是,将广义的创业教育与狭义的创业教育相结合,从构建大学生创业基础教育环境、构建大学生创业能力培养体系和构建大学生创业实践保障体系入手,通过构建大学生创业教育基础教育环境,培养大学生的创新精神和创业意识；构建大学生创业能力培养体系,培养大学生的创业能力和技能,为大学生创办新“企业”提供模拟创业环境；构建大学生创业实践保障体系,为大学生创业提供理论指导、技术支持和政策服务。
[Abstract]:Since the expansion of enrollment scale in ordinary universities, the number of college graduates in our country has continued to increase. In 2014, the number of college graduates in our country reached 7.27 million, and the problem of difficult employment for college students has become increasingly prominent. For 11 years in a row, the first document of the Central Committee has focused on "agriculture, countryside and farmers," and the construction of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" requires a large number of innovative entrepreneurs with modern agricultural knowledge. The enterprising education of college students all over the world has become a hot topic in the field of theory, government, universities and other related functional departments. It is of great practical significance to train innovative entrepreneurial talents to meet the needs of social development in alleviating the employment pressure, speeding up the construction of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" and promoting the harmonious development of society. The entrepreneurship education in our country has formed several initial entrepreneurial education models, such as combining the first classroom with the second one. However, due to the short development time, the effect of entrepreneurship education is far from our wish, and there are many forms and few contents. Some college students take part in entrepreneurship, only do it as sideline work, or just to apply for venture grant funds, they are working in several jobs or are looking for better things. Problems such as more stable work. The main reason lies in our lack of sufficient and sober understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship education, the failure to form a clear goal and content of entrepreneurship education, and the separation of entrepreneurship education from its existing talent training system. Regarding entrepreneurship education as a political task imposed by the government on colleges and universities, and taking the goal of entrepreneurship education too narrowly, it is believed that entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is to train self-made "entrepreneurs", and that the goals of entrepreneurship education are set too high at the same time. Too big, hoping to cultivate successful entrepreneurs such as Li Yanhong, Pony Ma, Ma Yun, or a large number of "college students' entrepreneurs," so that entrepreneurship education can be divorced from the cognitive level of college students and the reality of their lives. As a result, entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities has developed well in name, in fact, in effect, in name and in desalination. This paper is based on the research of entrepreneurship education in foreign universities and domestic scholars. This paper summarizes the achievements of entrepreneurship education in some agricultural colleges and universities, combines their own work experience, and adopts comprehensive methods such as literature method, comparative research method and field investigation method, etc. This paper studies the problems facing the entrepreneurship education of college students in agricultural colleges and universities in our country at present, divides the entrepreneurship education into broad sense entrepreneurship education and narrow sense entrepreneurship education, changes the former thought that entrepreneurship education serves only for employment, and explores the innovative entrepreneurship education training system. The educational thought of promoting entrepreneurship by innovation and promoting employment by entrepreneurship, from the aims, models, contents, national policies, entrepreneurial culture and environmental construction of entrepreneurship education in agricultural colleges and universities, The main content of this paper is to combine the broad sense of entrepreneurship education with narrow sense of entrepreneurship education, and to construct the environment of college students' entrepreneurial basic education. Starting with the construction of the cultivation system of college students' entrepreneurial ability and the guarantee system of college students' entrepreneurship practice, we should build up the basic education environment of college students' entrepreneurship education and cultivate the students' innovative spirit and entrepreneurial consciousness. Constructing the system of cultivating college students' entrepreneurial ability, cultivating their entrepreneurial ability and skills, providing a simulated entrepreneurial environment for college students to set up new "enterprises", constructing the guarantee system of college students' entrepreneurship practice, providing theoretical guidance for college students' entrepreneurship. Technical support and policy services.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G647.38

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