我国大学生社会实践中的问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 03:31

本文选题：大学生 + 社会实践　；参考：《湖北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：大学生社会实践是高等教育的重要组成部分之一,在国家大力提倡素质教育的今天,它的地位越来越突出,作用也越来越明显。大学生进行社会实践,从校园走到了社会,一方面,能够把理论知识与实践紧密联合起来,提高自身的专业技能和实际操作能力；另一方面,也提高了大学生的人际交往能力和社会适应能力。在实践的过程中,各级政府、各大高校以及实践单位作为活动主体,也起到了重要作用。政府给予政策和资金的支持；高校按照国家要求不断提高指导能力,科学规划实践活动；实践单位增强自身的接纳能力,规范实习生实习制度,为大学生实践活动的开展提供良好的场所。在各个实践主体的共同努力下,我国的大学生社会实践活动蓬勃发展。但同时,我们也看到在实习的过程中还存在着一系列的问题。如：政府方面,我国缺少像欧美发达国家那样完善的政策法规保障大学生社会实践中各方主体的利益;财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的比例也呈现了持续下滑的趋势,资金支持力度不够。高校方面,未充分履行职责,对实习生心理、技能等方面的培训不够,缺乏对实践过程的监督和对实践结果的总结。学生自身观念一时难以转变,会过高的评估自己的知识、能力；对社会实践热情不够,实际操作能力和自主创新能力有所欠缺。实践单位方面,由于各种主观和客观的原因,或是没有条件接受实习生,或是不愿意接受实习生,造成实习岗位“一岗难求”的局面。本文基于我国大学生社会实践活动发展的实际情况,深入分析各方主体在活动中存在的问题,并对问题的成因进行分析,然后探讨解决大学生社会实践中存在的问题的对策。本文具体分为六个部分：第一部分：绪论,本部分基于国家政策以及高等教育的发展要求,提出本文探讨的问题,并分析此项研究的理论意义和现实意义。然后对国内外对大学生社会实践的研究情况进行梳理。最后总结论文的研究思路、研究方法以及创新之处。第二部分：大学生社会实践的概述。先对大学生社会实践的含义进行分析,简单划分其发展阶段和类型,然后介绍大学生社会实践活动的特征,最后从教学质量、学生素质以及教育资源三个方面来论述实践的意义。第三部分：对我国大学生社会实践现状进行实证分析。通过问卷调查和个案访谈的方式对大学生社会实践现状进行调查,再结合已有的实证数据,分析我国大学生社会实践的现状。第四部分：分析我国大学生社会实践中存在的问题及原因。在现状调查的基础上,找出大学生社会实践中存在的问题,然后从政府、高校、学生自身以及社会组织四个方面来分析存在问题的原因。第五部分：日本、北美大学生社会实践的开展及对我国的启示。通过分析日本和北美国家大学生社会实践的开展状况,从中得出我国开展社会实践的启示。第六部分：走出我国大学生社会实践困境的路径选择。依据实践中存在的问题及其原因分析,针对各个实践主体,提出相应的解决之策,即强化政府责任；落实高校责任；提高大学生自身认识和能力；发挥社会组织的作用。
[Abstract]:The social practice of college students is one of the most important parts of higher education. Today, the status of the university is more and more prominent and its role is becoming more and more obvious in the state of promoting the quality education. The college students are carrying out social practice and from the campus to the society. On the one hand, the knowledge and practice can be combined closely together to improve their professional skills. On the other hand, it also improves the interpersonal communication ability and social adaptability of college students. In the process of practice, governments at all levels, universities and practice units have played an important role. The government gives support to policies and funds, and colleges and universities continue to improve their guidance in accordance with the requirements of the state. The practical activities of scientific planning; the practice units strengthen their own acceptance ability, standardize intern practice system and provide a good place for the development of College Students' practice activities. Under the joint efforts of various practical subjects, the social practice of college students in our country is flourishing.
But at the same time, we also see a series of problems in the process of practice. For example, in the government, our country lacks the perfect policies and regulations like the developed countries in Europe and the United States to protect the interests of all the parties in the social practice of college students, and the proportion of fiscal expenditure on the gross domestic product of our country has also been declining continuously. There is not enough financial support. Colleges and universities have not fully fulfilled their duties, lack training on the psychology and skills of the interns, lack the supervision of the practice process and summarize the results of practice. The students' own ideas are difficult to change for a moment, and they will overestimate their knowledge and ability; they are not enthusiastic about social practice, and the actual operation ability and the ability to operate are not enough. The ability of independent innovation is lacking. In practice units, because of various subjective and objective reasons, or unconditional acceptance of interns, or unwillingness to accept interns, the situation of "a difficult job" in the internship position is caused.
Based on the actual situation of the development of College Students' social practice in China, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the activities of the parties, analyzes the causes of the problems, and then discusses the countermeasures to solve the problems in the social practice of college students. This article is divided into six parts:
The first part: introduction, based on the requirements of national policy and higher education development, this part puts forward the problems discussed in this paper, and analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of this study. Then, the research situation on the social practice of college students at home and abroad is combed. Finally, the research ideas, methods and innovations of the study are summarized.
The second part: an overview of the social practice of college students. First, the meaning of College Students' social practice is analyzed, the stages and types of their development are divided, and then the characteristics of the social practice of college students are introduced. Finally, the significance of the practice is discussed from the three aspects of teaching quality, students' quality and educational resources.
The third part: An Empirical Analysis of the current situation of College Students' social practice in China. Through the questionnaire survey and case interview, the present situation of College Students' social practice is investigated, and the existing empirical data are combined to analyze the status of the social practice of college students in our country.
The fourth part is to analyze the problems and causes in the social practice of college students in China. On the basis of the current situation investigation, we find out the problems in the social practice of college students, and then analyze the reasons for the problems from four aspects of the government, universities, students themselves and social organizations.
The fifth part: Japan, the development of the social practice of college students in North America and the enlightenment to our country. Through the analysis of the social practice of Japanese and North American college students, the Enlightenment of the social practice in China is drawn.
The sixth part: go out of the path choice of the social practice predicament of the college students in our country. According to the existing problems and its reasons in practice, the corresponding solutions are put forward for each practice subject, that is to strengthen the responsibility of the government, carry out the responsibility of the University, improve the knowledge and ability of the college students, and give full play to the role of the social organization.

【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G642.4

【参考文献】