耶鲁大学去宗教化历程及启示

发布时间：2018-06-14 22:41

本文选题：耶鲁大学 + 清教　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在欧洲和美国，大学与宗教存在着天然的联系。美国历史最悠久的几所大学无不是宗教组织按照其自身目的建立起来的，耶鲁大学亦然。作为清教教派机构的早期耶鲁，负载着基督教清教理想，坚守着清教信念，培养为上帝服务的神职人员为主要办学目标，以欧洲传统的“自由教育”为教学内容。到殖民地时代晚期，受启蒙运动的影响，美国社会的世俗化进程加快，科学繁荣发展。合众国成立后，各州政府控制教育的意图逐渐增强，加之外部环境及清教自身变化等方面的影响，耶鲁学院的宗教性质略有减弱，但教派的控制和影响依然占主导地位。随着美国资本主义的发展以及旧学院时代的结束，国家和世俗社会更多地介入到耶鲁学院的事务中，神职人员逐步退出耶鲁的管理层，耶鲁学院发生了实质性的变化。在几任开明校长的领导下，耶鲁学院开始朝着现代大学的方向发展，逐渐具备专业性和多科性，并重视发挥研究功能，强调为国家和社会服务。相应地，神学的领地在快速退缩，，逐渐从学术的中心走向边缘。而达尔文进化论的问世则给宗教神学以最为沉重的一击。历经两个多世纪的发展，耶鲁大学最终抹去了教派大学的印记，成为一个具有开放性和包容性的现代大学。曾经是美国大学之魂的基督教精神如今仅在一定的范围内发挥着有限的作用和影响力。耶鲁大学的去宗教化历程从总体上反映了一种渐进式变革，体现了耶鲁大学始终追求“进步”与“保守”的平衡，保持稳健的发展步伐。坚守着“光明与真理”的校训，耶鲁大学践行着为先进文明造血的职责和培养精英的使命，最终成长为世界一流大学。耶鲁大学去宗教化的历程是美国大学发展的缩影，其中的历史经验和办学理念等，为我国现代大学制度建设提供了有益的启示。本文从耶鲁大学与宗教的关系这一视角考察了耶鲁大学的成长和演变过程，阐述了耶鲁大学的宗教性质逐步减弱的动因及表现。按照历史发展的脉络，本文将耶鲁大学的去宗教化历程大致分为了四个阶段。作为引言部分的第一章主要考察了研究现状，对国内外有关耶鲁大学及其与宗教关系的研究文献作了较为全面的分析。第二章至第五章依次对耶鲁去宗教化的四个阶段进行了论述，重点探讨其动因和表现。第六章针对我国大学去行化和办学理念的现状，从耶鲁大学去宗教化的历程中总结和提炼出对这两方面的启示，以期对我国大学的发展提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:In Europe and the United States, there is a natural link between universities and religions. The oldest universities in the United States have been established by religious organizations in accordance with their own purposes. As the early Yale of the institution of the Puritan church, the Christian Puritan ideal was supported, the Puritan belief was firmly held, and the clergy serving God was served. At the end of the colonial era, the secularization of the American society was accelerated and the science was flourishing. After the founding of the United States, the intention of the governments to control education gradually increased, and the external environment and the self change of Puritanism. The religious nature of Yale Academy was slightly weakened, but the control and influence of the sects remained dominant. With the development of American capitalism and the end of the old college age, the state and the secular society were more involved in Yale's affairs, and the clergy stepped out of the Yale management, and the Yale Institute was substantial. Under the leadership of several enlightened principals, Yale Institute began to develop towards the direction of modern universities, gradually having professional and multidisciplinary nature, and attaching importance to the function of research, emphasizing the service of the state and society. Accordingly, theological domain was rapidly shrinking and gradually from the center of learning to the edge. And Darwin's theory of evolution came out. With the most heavy blow to religious theology, after more than two centuries of development, Yale University eventually erased the imprint of the school of sectarian and became an open and inclusive modern university. The Christian spirit, once the soul of American universities, is now playing a limited role and influence in a certain range.
The course of the de religiization of Yale University reflects a kind of gradual change in general. It embodies the balance between "progress" and "conservatism" and keeps the steady development pace of Yale University. The school motto of "light and truth" is firmly held, and Yale University is committed to the duty of developing the advanced literary and Ming Dynasty and the mission of cultivating the elite. The history of the development of the University of Yale University is the epitome of the development of the American University. The historical experience and the idea of running a school have provided a useful inspiration for the construction of the modern university system in China.
This paper examines the process of the growth and evolution of Yale University from the perspective of the relationship between Yale University and religion, and expounds the reasons and manifestations of the gradual weakening of the religious nature of Yale University. In accordance with the historical development context, this article divides the course of the de religion of Yale University into four stages. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the research status of the Yale University and its relationship with religion at home and abroad. The second to the fifth chapters are in turn to discuss the four stages of Yale de religions, and focus on its motivation and performance. The sixth chapter is based on the current situation of our country's great study and the idea of running a school, from Yale In the process of religion, we sum up and refine the inspiration from these two aspects in order to provide reference for the development of universities in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.712

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