高校大学生就业能力培养现状实证研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 14:05

【摘要】：当前我国大学生就业形势日益严峻，一方面，我国高等教育的跨越式发展，使我国高校毕业生的数量与日俱增，导致毕业生规模日益增大和就业市场日益饱和；另一方面，社会需要人才层次的不断变化、高校教学质量的滑坡、大学生就业能力的欠缺等也是大学生就业难的相关因素。其中，大学生就业能力不足是大学生就业难的一个重要原因。因此，提高大学生就业能力，培养大学生综合素质，帮助大学生顺利就业成为当前摆在高等教育面前的重要任务之一。大学生就业能力是一种与就业相关的，学生在校期间通过学习知识和提高技能、拓展人力资本和社会资本而获得的认识职业类别、制定职业生涯发展规划、得到工作、保持工作、置换工作的综合能力。大学生就业能力结构分为5个维度17项能力，，五个维度包括专业能力、基本技能、个人品质、自我发展能力和求职能力。调查发现，大学生的就业能力具有以下特征：总体上看，大学生的个人品质和基本技能较强，而专业能力、求职能力相对较弱，自我发展能力最弱；具体来看，五大能力内部各项具体能力的发展很不平衡，各有高低；在大学生所有的具体能力中，个性品质中的积极的态度、行为和动机等个性特征最强，而求职能力中的面试能力和自我推销能力最弱。调查发现，当前大学生就业能力培养仍有很多问题亟待解决：关于就业能力培养目标的设定不明确；课程设置具有滞后性，课程内容缺乏前沿性；课堂教学在就业能力培养过程中没有发挥应有的作用；大学生社团提高学生就业能力的作用不明显；高校缺乏就业能力培养的评价体制。高校大学生就业能力培养存在问题的原因：高校与政府、用人单位在就业能力培养过程中缺乏持续有效的合作，政府在就业能力培养的政策和资金方面支持力度不够，用人单位主动参与大学生就业能力培养的责任意识不强，高校与政府、用人单位之间的沟通与合作亟待加强；大学生就业能力培养目标不够清晰，缺乏特色；大学生就业能力培养过程存在不足；大学生就业能力评价缺乏有效机制。高校大学生就业能力培养应该从以下几个方面着手：构建政府、高校、用人单位三方配合的大学生就业能力培养体系；大学生就业能力培养目标的制定要结合高校自身实际，体现特色；大学生就业能力的培养要与课堂教学、社团活动相结合；大学生就业能力的评估要注重“过程”的量化。
[Abstract]:At present, the employment situation of college students in our country is increasingly severe. On the one hand, the leapfrog development of higher education in our country makes the number of college graduates in our country increase day by day, resulting in the increasing scale of graduates and the increasingly saturated employment market; on the other hand, The changing level of social talents, the decline of teaching quality and the lack of employment ability of college students are also the related factors of employment difficulties for college students. Among them, the lack of employment ability of college students is an important reason for the difficulty of employment. Therefore, it is one of the important tasks for higher education to improve the employment ability of college students, cultivate their comprehensive quality and help them obtain employment smoothly. The employability of college students is a kind of employment-related ability. During the period of school, students learn knowledge and improve their skills, expand their human capital and social capital, make career development plans, and get jobs. Maintain the comprehensive ability to work and replace work. The structure of college students' employability is divided into 5 dimensions, 17 abilities, 5 dimensions including professional ability, basic skills, personal quality, self-development ability and job-seeking ability. The investigation found that the employment ability of college students has the following characteristics: generally speaking, college students' personal quality and basic skills are stronger, while their professional ability, job hunting ability and self-development ability are relatively weak. The development of each specific ability within the five major abilities is very uneven, and each has its own height. Among all the specific abilities of college students, the positive attitude, behavior and motivation are the strongest among all the specific abilities of college students. Interview ability and self-promotion ability are the weakest in job search ability. The investigation found that there are still many problems to be solved in the training of college students' employability: the setting of the goal of employment ability is not clear, the curriculum is lagging behind, and the content of the curriculum is short of vanguard. Classroom teaching does not play its due role in the process of cultivating employability; the role of college students' associations in improving students' employability is not obvious; the evaluation system of employment ability cultivation is lacking in colleges and universities. The reasons for the problems in the cultivation of college students' employability are: the lack of sustained and effective cooperation between the university and the government and the employers in the process of the cultivation of the employability, and the insufficient support of the government in the policy and funds for the cultivation of the employability. The responsibility consciousness of the employers to take part in the cultivation of college students' employment ability is not strong, the communication and cooperation between the university and the government and the employing units need to be strengthened urgently, the training goal of the university students' employment ability is not clear enough and lacks the characteristic; The training process of college students' employability is insufficient, and the evaluation of college students' employability is short of effective mechanism. The cultivation of college students' employability should be carried out from the following aspects: to build a system of fostering the employability of college students with the cooperation of government, university and employing units, and to formulate the goal of cultivating college students' employment ability in combination with the reality of colleges and universities, The cultivation of college students' employability should be combined with classroom teaching and community activities, and the evaluation of college students' employability should pay attention to the quantification of "process".
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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