马斯洛需求理论在大学生思想政治教育中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 20:24

【摘要】：为了积极贯彻中国共产党的十六大精神，满足新形势、新任务的要求，促进大学生的全面发展，提高大学生的思想修养、政治素质，《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》提出思想政治教育工作要致力于解决大学生的实际问题，在教育人、引导人的同时，也要关心人、帮助人。当前的大学生思想政治教育工作取得了非常显著的成果，但同时也依然存在着一些问题，这些问题有着广泛的原因和背景，需要从更大的空间思考和解决问题。本文试图运用马斯洛需求理论来解决思想政治教育的部分问题。马斯洛需求理论是人本主义心理学的重要理论，它系统、全面地研究了人的需求，非常重视人的价值和潜能，强调人的成长和发展，为分析人、关心人、引导人提供了全新的视角，是一个经受了较长时间考验、具有相当重要价值的心理学理论。要在大学生思想政治教育视角下应用马斯洛需求理论，，必须首先厘清一些概念和问题，找寻它们的相关性。马斯洛重视人的需求与思政中强调的“以人为本”思想具有密切的内在关系；马斯洛需求理论与马克思需求理论的内涵具有耦合之处，二者都把生理需求作为最基本需求，同时都认为需求具有社会性、发展性、并存性；马斯洛需求理论中的自我实现论与马克思主义中的人的全面发展理论的内涵具有很大的相似性。本文是站在马克思主义的基础上，探索马斯洛需求理论在大学生思想政治教育中的具体应用：从个人与社会的双重角度辩证的看待大学生需求问题，引导学生面对现实，并将个人需求与社会需求相结合；激励学生的优势需求、引导学生的潜在需求、研究学生的阶段性需求，以达到思想政治教育的目的；借鉴马斯洛需求理论的自我实现论，构建大学生的健康人格；以及基于马斯洛需求理论之后的双因素理论、ERG需求理论和成就需求论对大学生思想政治教育工作的启示和借鉴。
[Abstract]:In order to actively implement the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, to meet the requirements of the new situation and new tasks, to promote the all-round development of college students and to improve their ideological cultivation, The opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on further strengthening and improving the ideological and political Education of College students put forward that the work of ideological and political education should be devoted to solving the practical problems of college students, while educating and guiding them. We should also care about people and help them. The current ideological and political education of college students has made remarkable achievements, but at the same time, there are still some problems, which have a wide range of reasons and background, and need to be considered and solved from a larger space. This paper tries to use Maslow's demand theory to solve some problems of ideological and political education. Maslow's demand theory is an important theory of humanism psychology. It systematically studies the needs of human beings, attaches great importance to the value and potential of human beings, and emphasizes the growth and development of human beings. The guide provides a new perspective and is a psychological theory which has been tested for a long time and has important value. In order to apply Maslow's demand theory to college students' ideological and political education, we must first clarify some concepts and problems and find their relevance. Maslow attaches great importance to the needs of human beings and has a close internal relationship with the "people-oriented" thought and politics, and the connotation of Maslow's demand theory and Marx's demand theory is coupled, both of which regard physiological needs as the most basic needs. At the same time, it is believed that demand is social, developmental and coexisting, and the self-realization theory in Maslow's demand theory is similar to the overall human development theory in Marxism. On the basis of Marxism, this paper explores the concrete application of Maslow's demand theory in the ideological and political education of college students: to treat the demand of college students dialectically from the perspective of the individual and the society, and to guide the students to face the reality. It combines individual needs with social needs, motivates students' superior needs, guides students' potential needs, studies students' stage needs in order to achieve the purpose of ideological and political education, and draws lessons from Maslow's self-realization theory of demand theory. Constructing the healthy personality of college students, and the inspiration and reference of ERG demand theory and achievement demand theory to the ideological and political education work of college students based on Maslow's demand theory.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

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