近三十年来高校招生政策的价值分析

发布时间：2019-01-27 12:24

【摘要】：政策是由人制定的，必定要有满足人需求的某种价值存在，并且这些价值直接或间接的影响政策的全过程。高校招生政策是一项涉及面极广、影响颇深的政策，它的制定与调整也必然是在人们对某些价值的判断基础上进行的。自1977年高考恢复30年以来，我国高校招生政策经历了几次大的调整。本文以社会影响力较大、相关研究深入的并轨改革政策、扩招政策和自主招生政策为研究对象，运用文献法、系统分析法对其进行价值分析，力图揭示这几次政策调整的原因、运行过程及其成效。本文主要运用编码方法对政策内容进行汇总，以发现高校招生政策主要集中的领域和忽视的问题，引出高校招生政策中的显性价值与隐形价值。在理论基础上，本文以团体理论和批判理论为理论依据；在内容上，以“公平与效率”的冲突，“国家本位与个人本位”的纷争，“大众化高等教育与精英化教育”的走向，“集权与分权”的博弈四对价值冲突作为分析框架，，具体探讨这些价值范畴在每次高校招生政策调整中的冲突与融合。 1993年《中国教育改革和发展纲要》和1994年的《关于进一步改革普通高等学校招生和毕业生就业制度的试点意见》颁布后，“并轨”改革伴随国家经济体制改革起步而行。招生计划逐步增加调节性比例，录取分数线趋于统一，收费制度渐趋完善。在并轨的导向和实施过程中，个人本位在与国家本位的价值冲突彰显力量；在兼顾公平的同时提升了高校招生的效率和质量；从中央到地方、从政府到高校的放权都为高校自主权的显现铺垫了道路；精英教育坚固的体系开始渗入大众化高等教育的因素。 20世纪末，高等教育各个领域的改革进展地如火如荼之际，扩招之势扑面而来。在国际、国内，经济、政治各种外因的驱使下，1999年6月朱昒基总理在中共中央、国务院召开的全国教育工作会议上宣布大幅度扩大高等学校招生规模，高等教育加速度发展的进程拉开了帷幕。对于扩招的批评如今已经不绝于耳，但扩招对于推动高等教育大众化的进程和提高民族素质是不可否认的，然而，在追逐效率的政策方向下，公平和质量的价值显然被忽视了。 21世纪初，在素质教育和高校自主权扩大的思潮下，高校自主招生政策应运而生。从试点到推广，对于高校自主招生的探索至今仍在进行。作为高考制度的一种补充和延伸，自主招生无疑在实现以人为本和促进整个招生考试的公平上发挥了很大的作用，当然也为高校自身赢得了更多的自主权。高校招生政策虽然蕴含诸多价值冲突，但政策的制定和评价势必要依据一个的价值标准，而不能停留在冲突中模糊不清。因此，根据我国的特殊国情，本文认为我国高校招生政策的应然价值应走向公平、合法化、以人为本、权力适度分散。
[Abstract]:Policies are made by people, there must be certain values to meet the needs of people, and these values directly or indirectly affect the whole process of policy. College enrollment policy is a policy that involves a wide range of aspects and has a profound impact. Its formulation and adjustment must be based on people's judgment of some values. Since the college entrance examination resumed 30 years in 1977, China's college enrollment policy has undergone several major adjustments. This article takes the social influence, the related research thorough parallel reform policy, the expansion policy and the independent enrollment policy as the research object, uses the literature method, the system analysis method carries on the value analysis to it, tries to reveal these several policy adjustment reasons, Operation process and its effectiveness. This paper mainly uses the coding method to sum up the policy content in order to find out the main areas and neglected problems of the college enrollment policy, leading to the explicit value and the hidden value in the college enrollment policy. On the basis of theory, this paper takes group theory and critical theory as the theoretical basis. In terms of content, the conflict between "fairness and efficiency", the dispute between "state standard and individual standard", the trend of "popular higher education and elite education" and the four pairs of value conflicts between "centralization and decentralization" are taken as the analytical framework. This paper probes into the conflict and integration of these value categories in each adjustment of enrollment policy in colleges and universities. After the promulgation of the "outline of China's Educational Reform and Development" in 1993 and the "pilot proposal on further reforming the system of enrollment and Employment of graduates of ordinary institutions of higher Learning" in 1994, the "parallel track" reform has been carried out along with the start of the reform of the national economic system. Enrollment plans gradually increase the regulatory ratio, the admission line tends to be unified, and the charging system is gradually improved. In the process of guiding and implementing the parallel system, the individual standard shows the strength in the conflict of value with the state standard, and at the same time, it promotes the efficiency and quality of the enrollment of colleges and universities. From the central to the local, the decentralization from the government to the universities has paved the way for the emergence of the autonomy of colleges and universities, and the solid system of elite education has begun to infiltrate the factors of popular higher education. At the end of 20 ~ (th) century, the reform of higher education was in full swing. Driven by various external factors, international, domestic, economic and political, Premier Zhu Rongji announced at a national educational work conference held by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in June 1999 that the enrollment of higher education institutions would be greatly expanded. The acceleration of higher education has begun. The criticism of enrollment expansion has been heard, but it is undeniable to promote the popularization of higher education and improve the national quality. However, under the policy direction of pursuing efficiency, the value of fairness and quality is obviously ignored. At the beginning of 21 ~ (st) century, under the trend of quality education and the expansion of university autonomy, the policy of independent enrollment of colleges and universities emerged as the times require. From pilot to promotion, the exploration of independent enrollment in colleges and universities is still going on. As a supplement and extension of the college entrance examination system, independent enrollment undoubtedly plays a great role in realizing people-oriented and promoting the fairness of the whole enrollment examination, and of course, it has won more autonomy for the university itself. Although the college enrollment policy contains many value conflicts, the formulation and evaluation of the policy must be based on a value standard, rather than remain vague in the conflict. Therefore, according to the special situation of our country, this paper holds that the value of enrollment policy should be fair, legalized, people-oriented and power dispersed.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.32

【相似文献】