优秀短道速滑运动员起跑阶段技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 22:51

本文选题：短道速滑 + 起跑技术　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的：本研究通过对短道速滑项目两种起跑技术准备姿势的运动学数据揭示运动员准备姿势的稳定性；结合两种起跑技术起动过程中运动员的运动学数据、下肢关节角度角度角度变化情况进行分析,揭示短道速滑运动员起动技术的质量,评价起动效果；通过对疾跑阶段各单步与起跑总时间的的分析、步频和下肢关节角度变化情况,说明疾跑的效果,滑跑节奏的优劣。研究方法：本研究用一台型号为PC 350E的SONY摄像机在比赛条件下正对比赛场地500m起点位置5条起跑线中的第三条起跑线定点拍摄。摄像机的拍摄频率为25帧/s,分场后为50场/s。运用德国SIMI°Motion 7.50运动动作解析系统对真个起跑阶段进行解析。研究结果表明：1.准备姿势阶段,两种起跑方式的准备姿势都能保持在相对稳定的状态；点冰-前起跑方式前稳定角较点冰-后起动起跑方式的前稳定角更小,更容易打破静止进入运动状态。2.我国运动员的准备姿势较世界其他运动员更容易将准备姿势的稳定平衡状态打破,由“静”转“动”的时间更短,能更快的进入比赛状态。3.起动阶段,两种起跑方式各具特点,点冰-前起跑方式较点冰-后起跑方式起动距离远；点冰-后起跑方式较点冰-前起跑方式起动时间短。4.起动阶段,两种起跑方式的重心加速度都呈现为“双峰曲线”。不同点在于,点冰-前起跑方式“峰值”在前,点冰-后起跑方式“峰值”在后。5.我国运动员在起动过程中膝关节活动范围大,起动腿蹬伸是做功距离长,能将更多的势能转化为了动能。6.起动阶段,“后”起动运动员能在更短的时间内获得与“前”起动运动员较短的时间里获得的速度基本相同,“后”起动较“前”起动更为经济。7.疾跑阶段,前1～3步对起跑总时间的影响较大,其中第2步对起跑总时间影响最显著,往后影响程度依次减小。即单步时间同起跑总时间的相关性随时间增加而减小,呈负相关。8.蹬冰角的角度要与蹬冰动作的变化而变化,彼此要相互适应,不然就会使得垂直于冰面的分力过大而影响蹬冰效果。9.起动阶段,蹬冰时,垂直冰面的分力与蹬冰角大小呈正相关,运动方向的分力与蹬冰角呈负相关,为了有效的增加蹬冰力量,则需要通过在人体关节生理范围内减小蹬冰角来实现。10.合理的滑行节奏会使运动员的运动器官同内脏器官活动协调一致,使运动员的滑跑动作更加协调、体能运用更经济、技术动作更准确。11.疾跑阶段步频与步幅呈负相关关系。疾跑步频越高,则滑跑步幅越小；滑跑步幅越大,则步频就很难提上去,只有步频和步幅比例合理,疾跑阶段提速才更快。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to reveal the stability of the preparation posture of the athletes through the kinematics data of the two starting techniques in the short track speed skating project, and to combine the kinematics data of the athletes during the starting process of the two starting techniques. The change of lower limb joint angle is analyzed to reveal the quality of short track speed skater's starting technique and evaluate the starting effect. The change of step frequency and lower limb joint angle shows the effect of sprint and the advantage and disadvantage of running rhythm. Methods: in this study, a PC350E Sony camera was used to shoot the third starting line of the 500m starting line. The camera takes 25 frames / s and 50 / s after the break. The German Simi 掳Motion 7.50 motion analysis system is used to analyze the real starting stage. The results of the study show that 1: 1. In the stage of preparing posture, the preparation positions of the two starting modes can be kept in a relatively stable state, and the front stable angle of the point ice front starting mode is smaller than that of the point ice starting mode, and it is easier to break the static state and enter into the motion state. 2. Compared with other athletes in the world, the preparation posture of our country is easier to break the stable balance state of the preparation posture, the time from "static" to "moving" is shorter, and it can enter the competition state more quickly. In the starting stage, the two starting modes have their own characteristics, the starting distance between the point ice and the front start is longer than that of the point ice after the starting, and the starting time between the point ice and the back start is shorter than that of the point ice and the front start. In the starting stage, the acceleration of the center of gravity of the two starting modes presents a "double peak curve". The difference is that the "peak" of the ice point-front start mode is in the front, and the "peak value" of the ice-start mode is in the back. 5. Chinese athletes have a wide range of knee joint activities in the process of starting, and the starting leg is long in distance from work to work, which can transform more potential energy into kinetic energy .6. In the starting stage, the starting speed of the "back" starting athletes can be basically the same as that of the "former" starting athletes in a shorter time, and the latter "starting" is more economical than the "former" starting. In the sprint stage, the first one and three steps have a great effect on the total starting time, and the second step has the most significant effect on the total starting time, and the later influence degree decreases in turn. That is, the correlation between single step time and total start time decreased with the increase of time, showing a negative correlation. The angle of ice pedal angle should be changed with the change of ice pedal action, and each other should adapt to each other, otherwise, the vertical force of ice will be too large, which will affect the effect of ice pedal. In the starting stage, the partial force of vertical ice is positively correlated with the angle of ice pedal, and the component force of movement direction is negatively correlated with the angle of ice pedal, in order to increase the strength of ice pedal effectively, It is necessary to achieve. 10. 10 by reducing the pedaling angle within the physiological range of the human joint. The reasonable gliding rhythm will make the athlete's movement organ coordinate with the visceral organ activity, make the athlete's taxiing movement more coordinated, the physical ability use is more economical, the technical movement is more accurate .11. There was a negative correlation between stride frequency and stride length in sprinting stage. The higher the stride frequency, the smaller the trot stride; the higher the trot stride, the more difficult it is to raise the stride frequency. Only if the ratio of stride frequency and stride is reasonable, can the sprint speed up faster.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G862.1

【引证文献】