儿童公私观念的发展特点及其与学校调适、时代变迁的关系

发布时间：2018-05-03 23:07

本文选题：道德判断 + 公私财物损坏　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究从上海市的一所幼儿园和两所小学中，选取中班、一年级、三年级、五年级的儿童（5岁、7岁、9岁、11岁的儿童）共292名进行公私财物损坏的访谈，了解他们的道德判断能力；同时施测班级戏剧等问卷，，探索影响儿童道德判断能力的因素；最后将本次研究结果与1982年的儿童道德判断结果进行比较。研究结果表明：（1）在行为意向性不变的情况下，5岁儿童已经能够根据公私财物的损坏作出好与坏的判断，这一判断的确定性较之30年前的儿童更为明显；7—9岁儿童在分辨公私关系上能作出更确切的判断；11岁儿童更为在意对私物的损坏；（2）在公私财物损坏性质不变的情况下，5岁—11岁儿童都能根据行为的意向性来作出好坏判断，且这种判断能力的形成显然是早于5岁的；（3）在公私财物损坏性质和行为的意向性同时发生变化的情况下，每个年龄段的儿童对公私财物的判断均让位于其对行为意向性的判断；（4）在儿童充当情境故事中被损坏私人财物者的角色时，5岁—9岁中的部分儿童会由判断损坏公物更不好转而认为损坏私人财物更不好，11岁的儿童中无此逆转现象发生；（5）儿童阐述的理由表明，各年龄段儿童对公私观念的认知程度有所不同，从害怕惩罚、服从权威逐步转化到关心同学、承担集体责任的水平上，逐步提升；（6）9岁组、11岁组男生被试维护公共财物的意识与其自尊维度呈显著正相关，与其身体攻击性也呈显著正相关；倾向于判断有意损坏财物更不好的被试表现出更高的自尊；（7）儿童对公私财物的损坏存在年代效应，现阶段的儿童在意向性不变的情况下，更加在意私人财物的损坏。
[Abstract]:In this study, 292 children of middle, first, third and fifth grades were selected from a kindergarten and two primary schools in Shanghai to interview children aged 5 years old, 7 years old, 9 years old and 11 years old. To understand their moral judgment ability; at the same time to test class drama and other questionnaires to explore the factors that affect children's moral judgment ability. Finally, to compare the results of this study with the 1982 children's moral judgment results. The results of the study show that the five-year-old child has been able to make good or bad judgments based on the damage to public and private property under the condition of constant behavior intention. The certainty of this judgment is more obvious than that of children 30 years ago. Children aged 7 to 9 can make a more accurate judgment in distinguishing between public and private relations. Children aged 11 are more concerned about damage to private property. 2) the nature of damage to public and private property remains the same. Children between the ages of 5 and 11 can make good or bad judgments according to the intentionality of the behavior. And this ability of judgment was apparently formed before the age of 5) when the nature of the damage to public and private property and the intent of the behavior changed simultaneously. Children of every age give way to their judgment of behavior intentionality. 4) when children play the role of those who have been damaged in situational stories, some children aged between 5 and 9 will be damaged by judgment. Public property is worse to think that damage to private property is worse. No reversal of this phenomenon occurs among children aged 11. Children of all ages have different levels of awareness of public and private attitudes, from fear of punishment, from authority to concern for their classmates, to collective responsibility. There was a significant positive correlation between the awareness of maintaining public property and the dimension of self-esteem, as well as the physical aggression of male students in the age group of 9 years old or 11 years old. The subjects who tend to judge that the intention to damage the property are worse show higher self-esteem) the children have the age effect on the damage of the public and private property, and the children at the present stage pay more attention to the damage of the private property under the condition of the same intention.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B844.1

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