小学生数学应用意识培养的教学研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:05

本文选题：数学应用意识　切入点：教学情境化　出处：《鲁东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,小学数学课程改革正如火如荼地进行,本文从三个方面对素质教育、新课程和数学教育改革的要求进行了研究,阅读国内外大量文献资料,充分运用弗赖登塔尔、弗拉维尔(Flavell)等众多数学教育家的理论思想对小学数学应用意识的内涵作了详细解读,进行了理论根据分析。笔者发现,就研究现状来看,对数学应用意识的理论研究在进行,但是不系统,对培养学生应用意识来说受到很大制约。认真研读收回的调查问卷发现教学中存在部分问题:作为教学一线的数学教师,对小学数学应用意识的理论知识了解得不多,专业的培训几乎没有,虽然在对新课程教材的解读中感受到数学教学需要与学生生活实际联系,但在教学一线具体实践中还存在很多困惑,认为“教学情境化”的数学课冲淡了“数学味”,教学内容有可能受数学情境影响而完不成任务,有时也会出现偏离教学目标;而小学生又存在年龄小理解能力弱的问题,他们的数学应用意识难以与生活实践联系起来,数学应用意识培养几乎处于一个空白领域。这些问题非常现实的摆在了我们面前。这些问题的存在导致了小学数学教学普遍强调接受式学习、机械记忆、死记硬背、忽视应用意识培养的扭曲现象,学生学得辛苦且教师教得累。为转变这一现状,笔者在论文中提出:在小学数学教学中教师要大力加强对学生应用意识培养这一论点。认为渗透应用意识的教学一方面可以将抽象的数学回归现实世界、回归生活;另一方面能较好地帮助学生理解并应用数学,在生活中感觉到数学的价值,不断提升他们的数学素养。怎样培养并发展学生的数学应用意识作为重点部分。在第五章部分笔者用大量笔墨详细阐述了培养小学生数学应用意识的方法策略:即在教学中教师要高屋建瓴对教材中的内容进行加工处理;其次,还要善于发现与学生日常生活密切相关的教学资源,设置合理的教学情境;第三,应该引导学生善于从现实生活中去发现、提出并解决问题,培养学生对数学学科本身浓厚的学习兴趣,从而对现实生活中的数学产生良好的情感体验;最后提出了关于应用意识培养的评价方案,使得对学生应用意识的评价具有一定的可操作性。第六章则结合具体案例展示如何在教学中培养学生的应用意识。
[Abstract]:At present, the reform of mathematics curriculum in primary school is in full swing. This paper studies the requirements of quality education, new curriculum and mathematics education reform from three aspects, reads a lot of literature at home and abroad, and makes full use of Friedenthal. Flavell (Flavell) and many other mathematical educators have made a detailed interpretation of the connotation of mathematics application consciousness in primary schools and carried out theoretical basis analysis. The author finds that the theoretical study of mathematical application consciousness is going on from the point of view of the present research situation. However, if it is not systematic, it will be greatly restricted to cultivate students' application consciousness. After careful study of the questionnaires collected, we find that there are some problems in teaching: mathematics teachers, as the front line of teaching, The theoretical knowledge of the applied consciousness of mathematics in primary school is not well understood, and there is almost no professional training, although in the interpretation of the new curriculum teaching materials, the need for mathematics teaching is associated with the actual life of the students. However, there are still many puzzles in the concrete practice of teaching. The mathematics course of "teaching situational" dilute the "mathematics taste", the teaching content may be influenced by the mathematics situation and can not finish the task, sometimes it will deviate from the teaching goal; However, pupils have the problem of weak ability of understanding at a young age, and their consciousness of applying mathematics is difficult to relate to the practice of life. The cultivation of mathematical application consciousness is almost in a blank field. These problems are very realistic in front of us. The existence of these problems has led to the general emphasis on accepting learning, mechanical memory, rote memorization in primary school mathematics teaching. Ignoring the distortion of the cultivation of applied consciousness, students are learning hard and teachers are tired. In order to change this situation, In this paper, the author points out that teachers should strengthen the cultivation of students' applied consciousness in mathematics teaching in primary school. On the one hand, the teaching of infiltrating applied consciousness can return abstract mathematics to the real world and life; On the other hand, it can help students understand and apply mathematics, and feel the value of mathematics in life. How to cultivate and develop the students' mathematics application consciousness as the key part. In Chapter 5th, the author elaborates in detail the methods and strategies of cultivating the pupils' mathematics application consciousness with a lot of pen and ink:. That is, in the teaching of teachers should be from a strategic point of view of the content of the textbook processing; Secondly, we should also be good at finding teaching resources closely related to students' daily life and setting up a reasonable teaching situation. Thirdly, we should guide students to be good at discovering, raising and solving problems from real life. In order to cultivate students' strong interest in mathematics itself and produce a good emotional experience of mathematics in real life, the paper puts forward the evaluation scheme of cultivating applied consciousness. Chapter 6th shows how to cultivate students' application consciousness in teaching by combining with specific cases.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.5

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