小学数学“估算”教学设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 10:09

本文选题：小学数学 + 估算　；参考：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：估算是重要的数学计算能力,与数感和数学应用密切相关。《义务教育数学课程标准》(2011年版)对估算教学提出新的要求。但学生的估算学习存在问题,教师对如何上估算课有困惑,相关研究不够成熟,故进行小学数学“估算”教学设计研究。本文运用课堂观察法、文献法和案例分析法进行研究。首先,通过课堂观察发现小学估算教学中存在学生对估算的使用条件理解不足、学生先精算再“估算”和学生对估算方法使用不当的问题,问题的原因是估算教学设计存在不足,如导入新知方式不合理而没能激发学生的估算意识、探索新知环节学生没有足够的自主探索时间和练习巩固环节学生缺少有效练习。其次,分析教材、学生和课标,为进行有效教学设计做准备。再次,针对上述小学估算教学设计的不足,提出“创设估算问题情境,培养学生的估算意识”、“提供丰富学习素材,鼓励学生自主探索”和加强巩固练习的估算教学设计策略。最后,选择估算内容进行小学数学“估算”教学设计,通过教学反思发现其不足,进行再次设计。研究的主要意义是针对小学估算教学设计中的不足提出相应的小学数学估算教学设计策略和提供小学数学估算教学设计案例,期望可以为一线小学数学教师上好估算课提供参考。
[Abstract]:Estimation is an important mathematical computing ability, which is closely related to the sense of number and the application of mathematics. The Mathematics Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 edition) puts forward new requirements for the teaching of estimation. However, there are some problems in students' estimation learning, teachers are confused about how to attend the estimation class, and the related research is not mature enough, so the research on the teaching design of "estimation" in primary school mathematics is carried out. This paper uses classroom observation method, literature method and case analysis method to study. First of all, through classroom observation, it is found that there is a lack of understanding of the conditions for the use of estimation in primary school estimation teaching, the problem of students' actuarial and then "estimation" and the improper use of estimation methods by students. The reason of the problem is that there are shortcomings in the design of estimating teaching, such as the unreasonable way of introducing new knowledge and the failure to stimulate the students' estimation consciousness, the lack of sufficient time for independent exploration and the lack of effective practice in the link of practice consolidation. Secondly, analyze the teaching materials, students and curriculum standards to prepare for effective teaching design. Thirdly, in view of the deficiency of the teaching design of estimating teaching in the above primary schools, the author puts forward "creating the estimation problem situation, cultivating the students' estimation consciousness" and "providing rich learning materials," Encourage students to explore independently "and strengthen the consolidation of practice in the estimation of teaching design strategies." Finally, we choose the estimation content to design the mathematics "estimate" teaching in primary school, and find out its deficiency through teaching reflection, and design it again. The main significance of the study is to put forward the corresponding teaching design strategies of primary school mathematics estimation and to provide a case study of primary school mathematics estimation teaching design aiming at the shortcomings of primary school estimation teaching design. It is expected to provide reference for mathematics teachers in primary schools.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.5

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