项目合作学习对小学生批判性思维倾向和合作感的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 02:15

本文选题：小学生 + 批判性思维　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：批判性思维是创新的前提,是思维能力的重要组成部分,它在学习、研究和工作中发挥着极其重要的作用,已成为全世界学校教育的一个重要课题。我国在教育教学实践中也进行了积极的探索。其中关于小学生批判性思维的研究是一个相对薄弱的领域。批判性思维作为一种思维方式应该从小开始培养,逐渐内化,使个体形成持久的内在习惯,并引导其未来的行为。合作感是一种愿意与他人合作的情感。它是情感素质体系中人际情感下属的一种具体情感。在当今全球合作的背景下,合作感的发展对于学生的人际交往,学习生活,身心健康,社会适应都有着不可忽视的影响。然而调查表明我国青少年的合作感水平还较低,所以深入开展对青少年合作感的研究不仅能够丰富青少年情感素质的研究,也有一定的现实意义。基于项目的学习(PBL)是以小组合作的形式进行学习。学生在解决真实问题的过程中学习知识和技能。在国外的中小学教学中得到广泛的应用,相关研究表明它能够促进学生合作,并利于激发学生的创造力和逻辑思维能力。但它是否适用于我国,其有效性如何值得探讨。目前,信息科技课程倡导通过开展与学生生活紧密相关的项目学习活动,发展学生的批判性思维和创造性思维,培养学生解决真实、开放问题的能力。本文正是从信息科技教学的现状出发,探讨在信息科技课程中开展项目合作学习对小学生批判性思维和合作感提升的可能性。本研究在查阅文献和访谈调查的基础上对加利福尼亚批判性思维倾向问卷(the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory test,CCTDI)的中文修订版CTDI-CV问卷(彭美慈等,2004)进行适当调整,并运用该问卷和青少年合作感问卷进行了调查研究,同时通过教学实践考察开展项目合作学习、自选式同伴合作小组等教学策略对小学生批判性思维倾向、合作感的影响。探索培养学生批判性思维倾向、提升合作感的教育策略和方法。本研究得出以下结论:(1)在修订《加利福尼亚批判性思维倾向问卷》的基础上形成的《小学生批判性思维倾向问卷》具有较好的信效度,可用于测量小学生的批判性思维倾向。(2)被调查的小学生批判性思维倾向处于中等水平仍需加强;在自信心、求知欲和认知成熟度三个维度上男女生差异显著:男生在自信心和求知欲上得分高,女生在认知成熟度上得分高。(3)小学生合作感有很大提升空间,性别差异不显著。(4)项目合作学习对小学生批判性思维倾向有积极正向的作用,是有效培养批判性思维倾向的一种教学方式。(5)项目合作学习对小学生合作感有积极正向的作用,有效培养合作感的一种教学方式。(6)在项目合作学习中采用自选式或非自选式这两种分组方式,对培养小学生批判性思维倾向和合作感并无显著差异。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is the premise of innovation and an important component of thinking ability. It plays an extremely important role in learning, research and work, and has become an important subject in school education all over the world. Our country has also carried on the active exploration in the educational teaching practice. Among them, the research on the critical thinking of primary school students is a relatively weak field. As a mode of thinking, critical thinking should be cultivated and internalized from an early age so that individuals can form lasting internal habits and guide their future behavior. A sense of cooperation is an emotion that is willing to cooperate with others. It is a specific emotion of interpersonal emotional subordinates in the system of emotional quality. Under the background of global cooperation, the development of cooperative sense has an important influence on students' interpersonal communication, study life, physical and mental health, and social adaptation. However, the investigation shows that the level of adolescents' cooperative sense is still low, so it is not only rich in the study of adolescents' emotional quality, but also has certain practical significance. Project-based learning (PBL) is done in the form of group collaboration. Students learn knowledge and skills in solving real problems. It has been widely used in primary and secondary school teaching abroad. Relevant studies show that it can promote students' cooperation and stimulate students' creativity and logical thinking ability. However, whether it is applicable to our country and how its effectiveness is worth discussing. At present, the information technology curriculum advocates the development of critical and creative thinking through the development of project learning activities closely related to the life of students, so as to cultivate students' ability to solve real and open problems. Based on the present situation of information technology teaching, this paper discusses the possibility of carrying out project cooperative learning in information technology courses to enhance the students' critical thinking and sense of cooperation. On the basis of literature review and interview survey, this study adjusted the California critical thinking disposition questionnaire with the revised Chinese version of the CTDI-CV questionnaire of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory test (Pengmets et al. 2004). The research is carried out by using the questionnaire and the questionnaire of adolescents' sense of cooperation. At the same time, the effects of teaching strategies such as project cooperative learning and self-selected peer cooperative group on the students' critical thinking tendency and cooperative feeling are investigated. To explore educational strategies and methods to cultivate students' critical thinking tendency and enhance their sense of cooperation. In this study, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) based on the revision of the California critical thinking disposition questionnaire, the "critical thinking disposition questionnaire for Primary School students" has a good reliability and validity. The critical thinking tendency of the primary school students surveyed is still at the middle level; the self-confidence of the primary school students is higher than that of the primary school students, and the critical thinking tendency can be used to measure the critical thinking tendency of the primary school students. There were significant differences between male and female students in three dimensions: male students scored high on self-confidence and desire for knowledge, girls scored high scores on cognitive maturity. 3) there was great room for improvement of students' sense of cooperation. There is no significant gender difference. 4) the cooperative learning has a positive effect on the pupils' critical thinking tendency, and is an effective teaching method to cultivate the critical thinking tendency.) the cooperative learning of the project has a positive effect on the pupils' cooperative feeling. There is no significant difference between self-selection and non-self-selection in project cooperative learning, and there is no significant difference in the cultivation of pupils' critical thinking tendency and cooperative sense.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.58

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