长笛在小学第二课堂的教学探究

发布时间：2018-06-18 18:57

本文选题：音乐教育 + 长笛　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：课外活动是实施素质教育中的重要环节之一,丰富多样的课外活动有助于培养学生的创新实践能力与相互合作能力。第二课堂是对第一课堂的补充,是对第一课堂所学知识的扩展延伸,承担着培养学生生动、主动、活泼发展的教育功能。长笛自清末民初时期传入我国,广泛用于管乐团演奏中,目前以第二课堂的形式进入校园,学校借助这一西洋乐器,将音乐第一课堂与第二课堂知识内容相互关联。通过采取多样的教学形式与方法,帮助学生提高音乐实践能力,接受多元艺术文化浸染,提升审美能力。因教学大纲没有明确规定,学校对于第二课堂的教学亦没有硬性要求,导致长笛第二课堂处于尴尬境地,主要表现在教学的随意性和人员流动性较大,教师教学内容不固定,这都有悖于器乐进课堂的初衷。小学阶段的儿童正处于性格发展的重要时期,她们的自尊心与自我意识在逐渐增强,又缺少自我剖析与判断的能力,因此教师在长笛第二课堂教学中,应针对学生的性格发展特点加以正确引导,了解学生现阶段的认知特点,结合便于学生理解与学生喜爱的方式,采用现代化教学手段与策略,提升学生的学习效果。"三维目标"是教学过程中应达到的三个维度的教学目标,由情感、态度与价值观;过程与方法;知识与技能三方面构成的统一整体。在第一课堂或是第二课堂教学中,三维目标是课堂教学过程的重要依据。本文将围绕三维目标进行调查与实践,可分为以下三部分:一、通过对学校、学生以及教师三个方面的访谈及问卷调查,了解校方对于器乐课程的培养目标以及课程开设情况,教师的教学内容、教学方式、是否关注到学生的生理与心理情况,关注到学生学习的情感与过程的体验,学生在课上与课后的学习情况、知识掌握情况,以及教师对于长笛第二课堂的评价与学生在学习过程中的态度。二、结合上述调查能够发现,目前教师在长笛第二课堂教学中,更多教授的是演奏长笛的技能技巧,没有注重体验学习过程与教授学习方法,对学生的兴趣爱好与情感没有持续性培养,学校对于第二课堂没有硬性规定,学生在学习过程中变得自由散漫,随意性较强。在关注到这些问题后,以三维目标为依据,围绕着对学生情感培养、学习过程的感受以及基本知识、基本技能的提高等三个方面,从掌握正确的基本功练习方法到通过音符卡片与乐曲变奏的形式达到音基知识的夯实,从中西方不同音乐文化的赏析到亲自动手进行乐曲改编的创造性思维培养,来进行合理的教学设计。三、在教学实践中,运用讲授法、练习法与演示法等教学方法提升学生学习效果与学习兴趣,运用直观性原则、巩固性原则与量力性原则等教学原则,指导、调节整个教学过程。根据学生的学习效果与家长的反馈不断反思,总结经验,提出教师在教学过程中应结合学生实际情况与能力特点,合理安排学习内容的进度与难易程度,进行适当的教学定位,以及在课堂教学中,以科学的教学方法与手段为基础,为学生创设教学情境,运用直观的教具与生动的语言,精心设计安排教学过程,使得课堂教学艺术化等两点建议。
[Abstract]:Extracurricular activities are one of the important links in the implementation of quality education. The rich and diverse extracurricular activities help to cultivate students' ability to innovate practice and cooperate with each other. The second class is a supplement to the first class, the extension of the knowledge learned in the first class, and the educational function of raising the students' vivid, active and active development. The flute was introduced into China from the early Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the early Republic of China. It is widely used in orchestra playing. It has entered the campus in the form of the second class. With the help of this Western musical instrument, the school connects the first class of music with the content of the second class. By adopting a variety of teaching forms and methods, the students can help students to improve their ability to practice music and accept pluralism. There is no explicit stipulation in the syllabus and there is no hard demand for the teaching of the second class, which leads to the embarrassing situation in the second classroom of the flute, which is mainly manifested in the randomness of the teaching and the mobility of the staff, and the inconsistency of the teacher's teaching, which is contrary to the original intention of the instrumental music entering the classroom. Children in the school stage are in an important period of character development, their self esteem and self-consciousness are increasing, and they lack the ability to analyze and judge themselves. Therefore, in the second classroom teaching of the flute, teachers should correctly guide the characteristics of the students' character development, understand the cognitive characteristics of the students at the present stage, and combine them with the students. Understanding and students' favorite ways, using modern teaching methods and strategies to improve students' learning effect. "Three dimensional goals" is the three dimensions of teaching objectives in the teaching process, the unity of the three aspects of emotion, attitude and value, process and method, knowledge and skills. In the first class or in the second class teaching In this paper, three dimensional objective is an important basis for the course of classroom teaching. This paper will investigate and practice the three dimensional targets, which can be divided into the following three parts: first, through interviews and questionnaire surveys of three aspects of schools, students and teachers, the objective of the training of instrumental music courses, the course setting, the teaching content of the teachers, and the teaching contents are understood. The way of learning is concerned with the physical and psychological conditions of the students, the experience of the emotion and process of the students, the learning situation, the knowledge of the students in class and after class, and the teacher's attitude to the second classroom of the flute and the attitude of the students in the process of learning. Two. In the second classroom teaching of the flute, more teaching is the skill and skill of playing flute. It does not pay attention to the experience of learning and the method of learning. It does not cultivate the interests and feelings of the students. The school has no hard stipulation on the second class, and the students become free and casual in the process of learning. After the problem, on the basis of the three dimensional objective, it revolves around three aspects, such as the cultivation of students' emotion, the feeling of the learning process, the basic knowledge and the improvement of basic skills. It is a rammed knowledge of the sound basis from the correct basic practice methods to the form of notes cards and music variations, from the appreciation of different music cultures in the West and the West. Three. In the teaching practice, the teaching methods, such as teaching method, practice method and demonstration method, are used to improve the students' learning effect and interest, and the teaching principles such as intuitionistic principle, consolidation principle and measure principle are used to guide and adjust the whole teaching. The process. According to the students' learning effect and the feedback of the parents, the author summarizes the experience, and puts forward that teachers should combine the actual situation and ability of the students in the course of teaching, arrange the progress and difficulty of the learning content reasonably, make the proper teaching orientation, and base on the scientific teaching methods and means in the classroom teaching. Students create teaching situations, use intuitive teaching aids and vivid language, carefully design and arrange teaching process, and make classroom teaching artistic.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.71

【参考文献】