单亲儿童自我概念与同伴关系：社交焦虑的中介效应及团体箱庭干预研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 20:19

本文关键词： 单亲儿童同伴关系自我概念社交焦虑箱庭疗法　出处：《闽南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：离婚率的上升,致使离异单亲家庭儿童数量增多,与完整家庭成长的儿童相比,单亲儿童存在更多情绪和行为问题,人际关系问题是最突出的问题之一。儿童人际关系主要是指同伴关系,同伴交往是儿童社会性发展的主要方面,对儿童社交技能的获得、社会适应能力的培养甚至是人格的形成具有重要作用。10~12岁是由儿童期向青春期过渡的阶段,是性格形成的关键期。此阶段儿童的发展易受到同伴的影响,如果同伴关系不良,则会影响儿童身心健康发展。自我概念和社交焦虑是影响儿童同伴关系的重要方面,研究一探讨自我概念、社交焦虑和同伴关系三者之间的关系,对1438名10~12岁的儿童有效施测《Piers-Harris儿童自我概念量表》、《儿童社交焦虑量表》,使用同伴提名法测量同伴关系。结果:(1)自我概念、社交焦虑和同伴关系两两显著相关,社交焦虑是自我概念和同伴关系之间的中介变量;(2)自我概念对同伴关系有显著的正向预测作用,社交焦虑对同伴关系有显著的负向预测作用;(3)离异单亲儿童的自我概念低于总体平均水平,社交焦虑高于总体平均水平,同伴关系差于总体平均水平。研究二从个体行为层面即眼动加工上进一步验证两者的关系,让被试同时观看社交场景和非社交场景图片,探究高、低社交焦虑水平的被试是否存在注意偏向。结果:(1)与低社交焦虑水平儿童比,高社交焦虑水平的儿童对场景的反应速度更快、注视时间更长、注视点数量更多,并且他们对社交场景的注视时间明显长于非社交场景(2)离异单亲儿童对社交场景和非社交场景的反应比普通家庭孩子更敏感。为了探究团体箱庭干预离异单亲儿童同伴关系的效果,研究三采用前后测等组实验设计,筛选出72名自我概念得分较低、社交焦虑得分较高并且同伴关系较差的离异单亲家庭儿童,并以自愿原则参加实验。被试被随机分为团体箱庭组、团体辅导组以及空白对照组,每组各24名。团体箱庭组又平均分为4小组,每组6人,每组每周参加一次团体箱庭干预,共八周。团体辅导组也平均分为4小组,每组6人,每组每周参加一次团体心理辅导,共八周。空白组不做任何干预。结果:团体箱庭能够提高儿童自我概念、降低社交焦虑,有效改善儿童同伴关系。综上所述,儿童同伴关系与自我概念和社交焦虑密切相关,社交焦虑是自我概念影响同伴关系的中介变量。团体箱庭干预能显著提高儿童自我概念,缓解社交焦虑,并改善儿童同伴关系。
[Abstract]:The increase in divorce rate has led to an increase in the number of children living in divorced single-parent families, and there are more emotional and behavioral problems among single-parent children than those growing up in complete families. Interpersonal relationship is one of the most prominent problems. Children's interpersonal relationship mainly refers to peer relationship, peer communication is the main aspect of children's social development, and the acquisition of children's social skills. The cultivation of social adaptability and even the formation of personality play an important role in the transition from childhood to adolescence. It is the key period of personality formation. The development of children in this stage is easy to be influenced by their peers, if the peer relationship is not good. Self-concept and social anxiety are the important aspects that affect children's peer relationship. The first study is to explore the relationship among self-concept, social anxiety and peer relationship. A total of 1438 children aged 10 to 12 years old were tested with Piers-Harris Children Self-Concepts scale and Children Social anxiety scale. Results: Self-concept, social anxiety and peer relationship were significantly correlated. Social anxiety was the intermediate variable between self-concept and peer relationship. 2) Self-concept has a significant positive predictive effect on peer relationship, while social anxiety has a significant negative predictive effect on peer relationship; 3) Self-concept of divorced single parent children is lower than the overall average level, social anxiety is higher than the overall average level. Peer relationship is worse than the overall average level. In the second study, we further verify the relationship between the two from the individual behavior level, namely eye movement processing, and let the subjects look at the pictures of social scene and non-social scene at the same time, and explore the higher level. Results compared with children with low level of social anxiety, children with high level of social anxiety responded more quickly to the scene and watched longer than those with low level of social anxiety. There are more points to watch. And they look at social scenes longer than non-social scenes. Divorced single parent children are more sensitive to social and non-social situations than normal family children. In order to explore the effect of group intervention in peer relationship of divorced single parent children. In the third study, 72 children from divorced single-parent families with low self-concept scores, high social anxiety scores and poor peer relationships were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into group chamber group, group guidance group and blank control group, with 24 participants in each group. The group chamber group was divided into 4 groups with 6 persons in each group. Each group participated in group intervention once a week for a total of eight weeks. The group guidance group was also divided into 4 groups, 6 people in each group, and each group participated in group psychological counseling once a week. A total of eight weeks. The blank group did not do any intervention. Results: group chamber can improve children's self-concept, reduce social anxiety, effectively improve children's peer relationship. Children's peer relationship is closely related to self-concept and social anxiety. Social anxiety is the intermediary variable of self-concept influencing peer relationship. Group intervention can significantly improve children's self-concept and alleviate social anxiety. And improve children's peer relations.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B844.1

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