荐馆、定馆、坐馆:明清私塾教师的入职过程——以明清小说中的私塾教师为例

发布时间：2018-05-23 23:15

本文选题：明清小说 + 私塾教师　；参考：《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2011年01期

【摘要】：通过对明清小说中私塾教师入职资料的梳理发现,明清私塾教师的入职需经过"荐馆、定馆、坐馆"三个程序。荐馆是寻求地方名儒或官员的推荐来提高入职者的竞争力的,荐馆的成功与否,不仅与荐馆人的声望和威信有关,更与被荐人自身的学行有关。定馆是新入职教师与东家或学校确定教育契约关系的程序,包括东家下关书、聘帖、行拜师礼和教师给学生起学名等内容,定馆同时也是教师和东家或者学校谈"馆谷"高低及节假日其他生活补贴的过程。坐馆就是教师正式开学讲课了,正式坐馆日是东家和教师共同选择的"吉日",一般在正月十五前后,坐馆的期限一般为一年。明清私塾教师的入职过程对今天教师入职制度建设仍有很大的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Through combing the entry materials of private school teachers in the novels of Ming and Qing dynasties, it is found that the entry of private school teachers in Ming and Qing dynasties has to go through three procedures: recommendation hall, establishment hall and sitting hall. Recommendation hall is to seek the recommendation of local famous Confucianism or officials to improve the competitiveness of the entrants. The success of the recommendation hall is not only related to the reputation and prestige of the recommended person, but also to the learning practice of the recommended person. The new teacher is the procedure for determining the relationship between the new teacher and his employer or school. It includes the contents of the master's letter, the appointment post, the service of the teacher, and the teacher's name for the student, and so on. It is also a process for teachers and schools to talk about Guangu and other living allowances during holidays. The sitting hall is the teacher officially begins the school lecture, the official sitting hall day is the master and the teacher common choice "auspicious day", generally in the first month 15 days, the sitting hall time limit is generally one year. The entry process of private teachers in Ming and Qing dynasties is still of great significance to the construction of teacher entry system today.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学教育科学研究院;
【分类号】：G529

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