洛温菲尔德的沙盘游戏治疗理论及其在幼儿园中的应用
发布时间：2018-08-18 10:33
【摘要】： 沙盘游戏治疗开始于20世纪20年代的英国，至今已有70多年的发展历史。作为一种心理治疗技术，它的基本要素有沙、沙盘和人与物的微缩模型。 玛格丽特．洛温菲尔德首创将沙盘作为心理治疗的工具，并提出了相应的理论。她的工作是开创性的。洛温菲尔德将她的沙盘游戏治疗命名为“世界技术”，其主要工具是一个金属盘(装-半的沙)、盛水的器皿、玩沙的工具(如铲、筛网、漏斗等)、装有大量微缩模型的柜子。儿童根据自己的意愿选择干沙或是湿沙，，用微缩模型在沙盘中摆出一个场景。洛温菲尔德将人的心理分为初级心理系统和次级心理系统。次级心理系统是实际的、理性的，可以语言为工具与他人交流；而初级系统中的内容处于一种原始状态，是个人化、非理性的，无法用语言与他人交流。因而给儿童提供合适的材料以及充分的游戏机会，可以让初级系统中的能量找到在外部世界中的表达途径。“世界技术”正是提供了这样一种途径：治疗者要忠实地记录儿童对每一个微缩模型的使用情况；沙盘完成以后，治疗者要向儿童提问以弄清每件玩具在儿童心中有什么具体的含义，而不是治疗者主观地给予解释。沙盘为儿童提供了一个表达自己的自由空间，它不对儿童施加任何限制，参加治疗的儿童也不必具备任何专门的知识和技能，是非常适合儿童的一种心理治疗技术。 洛温菲尔德的治疗技术为许多不同理论背景的治疗师所采用。他们从不同的角度对“世界技术”作了修改和发展。多拉．卡尔夫是其中最重要的一位。她将荣格的分析心理学理论引入沙盘游戏治疗之中，加入了象征、原型的观点，将沙盘游戏治疗引向了另一个临床维度，并将其命名为“沙盘游戏”。目前，卡尔夫于1985年成立的国际沙盘游戏治疗组织(ISST)领导着沙盘游戏治疗运动，并负责沙盘游戏治疗师的资格培训。 在美国20世纪80年代，沙盘游戏治疗被引入了学校，由于它在学业发展、心理成长、心理诊断及治疗方面发挥了重要作用而被广泛接受。我们在幼儿园的治疗实践也表明，沙盘游戏治疗是一种易于为儿童所接受的十分有效的心理治疗技术。它适用于有情绪障碍、行为障碍的儿童，对一般的心理压力较大的儿童也有很好的缓解压力的作用。将沙盘游戏治疗引入我国的幼儿园中 将是一件十分有意义的工作。
[Abstract]:Sand game therapy began in Britain in the 1920s and has been developed for more than 70 years. As a psychotherapy technique, its basic elements are sand, sand tables and miniature models of people and objects. Margaret Lowenfeld was the first to use the sand table as a psychotherapy tool, and put forward the corresponding theory. Her work is groundbreaking. Lowenfeld named her sandtable therapy "world technology". Its main tools are a metal plate (loaded-half sand), water containers, sand-playing tools (such as shovels, sieve nets, funnel, etc.), and a large number of miniature models of cabinets. Children choose dry sand or wet sand according to their own wishes, and use a miniature model to set a scene in the sand table. Lowenfeld divides human psychology into primary psychological system and secondary psychological system. The secondary psychological system is practical, rational, and can communicate with others by means of language, while the content in the primary system is in a primitive state, which is personal, irrational and unable to communicate with others with language. Thus, children are provided with appropriate materials and adequate opportunities to play, so that the energy in the primary system can find a way to express itself in the outside world. "World Technology" provides a way for healers to faithfully document the use of each miniature model by children; once the sand table is complete, Instead of subjectively explaining what each toy means in the child's mind, the healer asks the child questions. The sand table provides a free space for children to express themselves. It does not impose any restrictions on children, and children who participate in treatment do not have to possess any special knowledge and skills. It is a very suitable psychotherapy technology for children. Lowenfeld's treatment techniques are used by many therapists from different theoretical backgrounds. They have modified and developed World Technology from different angles. Dora Karf is one of the most important. She introduced Jung's theory of analytical psychology into sandgame therapy, adding a symbolic, archetypal perspective, leading sandplay therapy to another clinical dimension and naming it "sand game." Currently, (ISST), an international sandgame therapy organization founded in 1985, leads the sandgame therapy campaign and is responsible for qualification training for sand game therapists. In the 1980s, sand game therapy was introduced into school, which is widely accepted because it plays an important role in academic development, psychological growth, psychological diagnosis and treatment. Our practice in kindergarten also shows that sand game therapy is a very effective psychotherapy technique that is easily accepted by children. It is suitable for children with emotional disorders and behavioral disorders, and also has a good effect on relieving stress in general children with high psychological stress. The introduction of sand game therapy into our kindergartens will be A very meaningful job.
【学位授予单位】：华南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：G610
本文编号：2189196
[Abstract]:Sand game therapy began in Britain in the 1920s and has been developed for more than 70 years. As a psychotherapy technique, its basic elements are sand, sand tables and miniature models of people and objects. Margaret Lowenfeld was the first to use the sand table as a psychotherapy tool, and put forward the corresponding theory. Her work is groundbreaking. Lowenfeld named her sandtable therapy "world technology". Its main tools are a metal plate (loaded-half sand), water containers, sand-playing tools (such as shovels, sieve nets, funnel, etc.), and a large number of miniature models of cabinets. Children choose dry sand or wet sand according to their own wishes, and use a miniature model to set a scene in the sand table. Lowenfeld divides human psychology into primary psychological system and secondary psychological system. The secondary psychological system is practical, rational, and can communicate with others by means of language, while the content in the primary system is in a primitive state, which is personal, irrational and unable to communicate with others with language. Thus, children are provided with appropriate materials and adequate opportunities to play, so that the energy in the primary system can find a way to express itself in the outside world. "World Technology" provides a way for healers to faithfully document the use of each miniature model by children; once the sand table is complete, Instead of subjectively explaining what each toy means in the child's mind, the healer asks the child questions. The sand table provides a free space for children to express themselves. It does not impose any restrictions on children, and children who participate in treatment do not have to possess any special knowledge and skills. It is a very suitable psychotherapy technology for children. Lowenfeld's treatment techniques are used by many therapists from different theoretical backgrounds. They have modified and developed World Technology from different angles. Dora Karf is one of the most important. She introduced Jung's theory of analytical psychology into sandgame therapy, adding a symbolic, archetypal perspective, leading sandplay therapy to another clinical dimension and naming it "sand game." Currently, (ISST), an international sandgame therapy organization founded in 1985, leads the sandgame therapy campaign and is responsible for qualification training for sand game therapists. In the 1980s, sand game therapy was introduced into school, which is widely accepted because it plays an important role in academic development, psychological growth, psychological diagnosis and treatment. Our practice in kindergarten also shows that sand game therapy is a very effective psychotherapy technique that is easily accepted by children. It is suitable for children with emotional disorders and behavioral disorders, and also has a good effect on relieving stress in general children with high psychological stress. The introduction of sand game therapy into our kindergartens will be A very meaningful job.
【学位授予单位】：华南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：G610
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 韦耀阳;马小琴;;亲子游戏治疗儿童心理障碍[J];中国儿童保健杂志;2008年06期
2 朱靓琳;;关于儿童游戏治疗的论述[J];吉林省教育学院学报(上旬);2012年09期
相关硕士学位论文 前6条
1 徐儿;游戏治疗取向团体辅导对害羞儿童生活适应的影响研究[D];浙江师范大学;2006年
2 陈丽丽;沙箱游戏疗法对攻击性儿童的鉴别与干预研究[D];华东师范大学;2008年
3 吴怡娜;自闭症儿童的家庭教养方式与箱庭治疗[D];河北大学;2009年
4 陈燕;箱庭疗法对情侣咨询效果的探究[D];华东师范大学;2010年
5 胡娜;阿德勒游戏治疗对攻击性行为儿童的疗效研究[D];苏州大学;2012年
6 许翠;团体沙盘游戏技术对大学生孤独人群的干预研究[D];上海师范大学;2012年
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