再论进化、发展和儿童早期教育

发布时间：2018-01-03 18:07

本文关键词：再论进化、发展和儿童早期教育　出处：《学前教育研究》2010年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：进化(种系发生)、发展(个体发生)和儿童早期教育之间的关系是儿童教育无法回避的基本理论问题。进化理论已经成为现代生物学的基石,由于人类认知和行为是基于生物学的,因此进化理论也应该成为现代心理学的基石。由于各种原因,进化理论对儿童发展心理学的早期影响主要体现在有关重演律——个体发生重演种系发生的思想上,如20世纪主要的发展心理学家格塞尔、皮亚杰、维果茨基、弗洛伊德等都在一定程度上受到重演律思想的影响。然而,重演律自其问世以来就因其过分粗糙和简单化而受到了质疑,并随着胚胎学与基因研究的深入而被修正。当新的进化改变发生时,重演律就会被打破。对人类来说,这种新的进化改变之可能发生,是与幼态持续紧密相关的。个体发育的早期阶段是一个潜在适应的"仓库",包含了以后通过异率生长丢失的无数形状和结构。个体延迟发展或童年期的延长具有重要的适应性价值,它使人类大脑更加灵活,使儿童有充裕的时间习得复杂的社会角色与规范,并获得很强的发展可塑性与学习能力,同时由于儿童必须依赖双亲很长时期的照顾方能长大成人,这对建立和巩固家庭在儿童成长与社会稳定中的重要地位起了关键的中介作用。不过,进化与发展之间的关系十分复杂,两者绝非简单的对应关系,而且强调儿童早期发展的生物学基础并不等于忽视文化在发展中的作用,文化进化需要强有力的生物学基础,个体的生物学展开也需要强有力的社会文化的支持。
[Abstract]:The relationship between evolution (phylogeny, ontogeny) and early childhood education is an unavoidable theoretical problem. Evolutionary theory has become the cornerstone of modern biology. Since human cognition and behavior are based on biology, evolutionary theory should also be the cornerstone of modern psychology, for a variety of reasons. The early influence of evolutionary theory on child development psychology is mainly reflected in the thought about the recurrence law-the occurrence of the phylogenetic reoccurrence of ontogeny, such as Gessel and Piaget, the major developmental psychologists in 20th century. To some extent, Vygotsky and Freud were influenced by the thought of replay law. However, replay law has been questioned since it was born because of its over-roughness and simplification. And as embryology and gene research goes on, it is corrected. When a new evolutionary change occurs, the replay law is broken. For humans, this new evolutionary change is possible. The early stage of ontogeny is a "warehouse" of potential adaptation. It contains numerous shapes and structures lost in the future through heterotypic growth. The delayed development of individuals or the prolongation of childhood has important adaptive value, which makes the human brain more flexible. Children have plenty of time to acquire complex social roles and norms, and to obtain strong development of plasticity and learning ability, and because children have to rely on parental care for a long time before they can grow up. This plays a key intermediary role in building and consolidating the important role of the family in the growth and social stability of children. However, the relationship between evolution and development is complex and by no means a simple correspondence. And emphasizing the biological basis of early childhood development does not mean neglecting the role of culture in development. Cultural evolution needs a strong biological basis. The biological development of individuals also needs strong social and cultural support.
【作者单位】：华南师范大学教育科学学院;
【基金】：广东省哲学社会科学“十一五”规划课题“建构基于童年期特征的幼儿教育”(项目批准号:06SJY008)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：G610
【正文快照】： 进化(种系发生)、发展(个体发生)和儿童早期教育之间的关系是儿童教育理论研究难以回避的基本问题。正如吉瑞(Geary)所说,需要从进化角度对认知和发展进行概述,才能充分理解与儿童教育有关的问题。[1]同时应当看到,关注认知的生物学基础及其发展并不意味着忽略心理学层面,因

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