从政府责任的视角看当前我国学前教育的公益性

发布时间：2018-02-26 09:16

本文关键词： 学前教育公益性政府责任　出处：《学前教育研究》2011年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为基础教育的基础,学前教育具有很强的公益性,可以为接受学前教育的适龄儿童(及其直系亲属)之外的其他社会成员带来广泛而长远的经济与非经济收益,而且这种收益可以为绝大多数公民无排他性地共同享有。然而目前我国学前教育的公益性日渐弱化,不仅入园率低,发展不均衡,学前优质教育资源明显分配不均,而且各级政府的公共财政投入减少,家长负担十分沉重,"入园难、入园贵"的呼声日益强烈。造成学前教育公益性弱化的主要原因从认识根源上来看,是各级政府对学前教育的公益性还缺乏正确、清楚的认识,而从客观实际来看,民办幼儿教育的非营利性没有得到保证、政府财政投入严重不足、学前教育公共服务体系尚未建立、学前教育补偿功能未能充分发挥、学前教育立法层次较低,缺乏制度保障等都是学前教育公益性日益弱化的重要原因。提升学前教育的公益性不可能单靠社会、市场或学前教育机构自身解决,而必须借助政府的力量,因为政府是实现学前教育公平和社会正义的"第一责任人"。为提升学前教育的公益性,政府应科学制定学前教育发展规划,调整学前教育结构体系,保障公办民办幼儿园协调发展;应加大资金投入,合理配置学前教育资源,建立以公共财政为支撑的学前教育投入保障机制与各项经费监管机制,充分调动全社会力量关心和支持学前教育,完善社会力量兴办教育的体制和政策;应完善管理体制,加强调控力度,各类学前教育机构应通过多种形式的转变归口当地教育行政部门统一管理;应以公平为价值取向,优先扶持各类社会处境不利儿童接受学前教育,充分发挥学前教育对他们的教育补偿功能;应加强质量监管,建立健全教育质量检测与评估标准;应尽快制定全国性的学前教育专门法,使学前教育事业发展真正做到有法可依、有法必依,最终实现学前教育事业健康有序发展。
[Abstract]:As the basis of basic education, pre-school education has a strong public welfare, which can bring a wide and long-term economic and non-economic benefits to other members of society other than the school-age children (and their immediate relatives) who receive pre-school education. However, at present, the public welfare of preschool education in our country is weakening day by day, not only the rate of entry into the garden is low, the development is not balanced, and the distribution of high-quality pre-school education resources is obviously uneven. Moreover, the public financial investment of governments at all levels is reduced, and the burden on parents is very heavy. The voice of "it is difficult to go to school, but it is expensive to enter the garden" is increasingly strong. The main reason for the weakening of public welfare in preschool education is from the perspective of understanding the root causes. It is because governments at all levels still lack a correct and clear understanding of the public welfare of pre-school education, and from an objective perspective, the non-profit nature of private early childhood education is not guaranteed, and the government's financial investment is seriously inadequate. The public service system of pre-school education has not yet been established, the compensation function of pre-school education has not been fully developed, and the level of pre-school education legislation is relatively low. The lack of institutional protection is an important reason for the weakening of the public welfare of pre-school education. To enhance the public welfare of pre-school education cannot be solved solely by society, the market or the pre-school education institutions themselves, but by the power of the government. Because the government is the "first responsible person" for achieving equity and social justice in preschool education. In order to enhance the public welfare of pre-school education, the government should scientifically formulate plans for the development of pre-school education and readjust the structure of pre-school education. To ensure the coordinated development of public private kindergartens, we should increase the investment of funds, rationally allocate pre-school education resources, and establish a mechanism for ensuring the investment of pre-school education supported by public finance and supervising various funds. We should fully mobilize all social forces to care about and support pre-school education, improve the system and policies of social forces to set up education, and we should improve the management system and strengthen regulation and control. All types of pre-school education institutions should be managed in a unified manner through various forms of transformation in the local educational administration, and priority should be given to supporting all kinds of socially disadvantaged children to receive pre-school education, with equity as a value orientation. We should give full play to the educational compensation function of pre-school education, strengthen quality supervision, establish and improve standards for the inspection and evaluation of educational quality, and formulate a nationwide special law on preschool education as soon as possible. The development of pre-school education can be done according to the law and must be followed by the law. Finally, the development of the preschool education can be achieved in a healthy and orderly manner.
【作者单位】：宁波大学教师教育学院;
【基金】：浙江省社科联课题“走在全国前列的浙江省基础教育发展政策分析”(批准号:06N88) 宁波市应用型人才基地重点建设项目(批准号:J007071)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：G619.2

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