我国财产保险公司效率研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 09:51

本文选题：财产保险　切入点：技术效率　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保险业是我国金融业的支柱之一,在社会融资、社会保障、社会管理以及促进社会的和谐稳定可持续发展方面发挥着重要作用。伴随着我国经济的快速发展,财险市场的规模不断扩大,财险公司的数量不断增加。伴随着保险业开放程度的深入,外资财险公司不断涌入并逐步抢占中国市场,它们的进入带来了新的管理制度、战略思维和发展模式,我国财产保险公司面临着日益激烈的竞争。而提升公司的效率无疑是提升公司市场竞争力的重要途径。因此,研究财险公司的效率以及财险公司治理结构对其效率的影响具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。关于效率测算,目前多数学者采用数据包络分析方法(DEA),传统DEA方法不考虑外部环境和随机误差等因素对效率的影响,有其自身局限性。本文采用三阶段DEA方法测算我国财险公司效率以克服传统方法的局限,并在效率测算的基础上进一步研究财险公司治理结构对其效率的影响。主要内容包括以下几个方面： (1)从研究方法、投入/产出指标的选取以及研究的视角等方面对国内外相关研究进行了文献综述。明确了效率的相关概念,并简要介绍了本文所用的主要模型——三阶段DEA模型。 (2)选取26家财险公司为研究样本,运用三阶段DEA模型对其2005年至2011年的效率状况进行研究。其中选取员工人数、权益资本和经营费用为投入指标,保费收入和投资收益为产出指标。第一阶段,运用初始投入/产出数据测算财险公司的效率。第二阶段,选取成立年数、市场份额、资本结构和资产规模作为环境影响变量,运用随机前沿分析方法(SFA)剔除外部环境和随机误差等因素对效率测算的影响,对初始投入数据进行调整。第三阶段使用调整后的投入产出数据,得到修正的财险公司效率。研究结果表明：①三阶段DEA效率和一阶段DEA效率存在显著差异；②外资公司在市场变化较大时有更好的表现,中资公司效率波动比外资公司小,中外资公司效率总体水平接近；③资产规模的增加阻碍公司效率提升,市场份额的增加促进公司效率提升,中资公司在人力资源投入要素的浪费比外资公司小,成立年数对公司效率的影响不显著。 (3)对2011年我国财险公司治理结构对效率的影响进行研究。基于公司治理变量数据的可获得性,在测算56家财险公司效率基础上选取35家为研究样本。研究结果表明：第一大股东持股比例、股权集中度与公司效率呈正相关,股权制衡度与公司效率呈负相关,说明股权的集中有利于公司效率的提高；董事会规模、独立董事比例均与公司效率呈负相关,说明现阶段董事会规模扩大易造成效率低下,同时独立董事对公司效率的提升未发挥应有作用。最后,针对性给出我国财险公司效率优化的政策建议：适度扩张,关注风险；适度集权,决策科学；有效沟通,团队合作。
[Abstract]:Insurance industry is one of the pillars of our financial industry, which plays an important role in social financing, social security, social management and promoting the harmonious, stable and sustainable development of society. The scale of the property insurance market is constantly expanding and the number of property insurance companies is increasing. With the deepening of the opening up of the insurance industry, foreign property insurance companies continue to pour in and gradually seize the Chinese market. Their entry has brought about a new management system. Strategic thinking and development model, property insurance companies in China are facing increasingly fierce competition, and improving the efficiency of the company is undoubtedly an important way to enhance the competitiveness of the company in the market. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the efficiency of property insurance companies and the influence of the governance structure of property insurance companies on their efficiency. At present, most scholars use data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to measure efficiency. Traditional DEA method does not consider the influence of external environment and random error on efficiency. This paper uses the three-stage DEA method to calculate the efficiency of property insurance companies in order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods. On the basis of efficiency measurement, the paper further studies the influence of property insurance company governance structure on its efficiency. The main contents include the following aspects:. 1) from the aspects of research method, input / output index selection and research perspective, this paper makes a literature review of relevant research at home and abroad, clarifies the related concepts of efficiency, and briefly introduces the main model used in this paper, the three-stage DEA model. In this paper, 26 financial insurance companies are selected as the study samples, and their efficiency from 2005 to 2011 is studied by using three-stage DEA model, in which the number of employees, equity capital and operating expenses are selected as input indicators. In the first stage, the efficiency of the property insurance company is measured by the initial input / output data. In the second stage, the years of establishment, market share, capital structure and asset size are selected as the environmental impact variables. The method of stochastic frontier analysis (SFAA) is used to eliminate the influence of external environment and random error on efficiency measurement and adjust the initial input data. In the third stage, the adjusted input-output data are used. The results show that there are significant differences between the three-stage DEA efficiency and the one-stage DEA efficiency. The foreign-funded companies have better performance when the market changes greatly, and the efficiency fluctuation of the Chinese-funded companies is smaller than that of the foreign-funded companies. The overall level of efficiency of Chinese and foreign companies is close to the increase of assets, and the increase of market share promotes the improvement of corporate efficiency, and the waste of human resource input elements of Chinese and foreign companies is less than that of foreign companies. The effect of years of establishment on the efficiency of the company is not significant. In 2011, the influence of property insurance company governance structure on efficiency was studied. Based on the availability of corporate governance variable data, On the basis of measuring the efficiency of 56 financial insurance companies, 35 companies are selected as the research samples. The results show that the first largest shareholder's shareholding ratio, ownership concentration degree and corporate efficiency are positively correlated, and equity checks and balances are negatively correlated with corporate efficiency. It shows that the concentration of equity is beneficial to the improvement of company efficiency, and the scale of board of directors and the proportion of independent directors are negatively correlated with the efficiency of the company, indicating that the expansion of board size at the present stage can easily lead to inefficiency. At the same time, the independent director does not play its due role in improving the efficiency of the company. Finally, the policy suggestions of efficiency optimization of Chinese property insurance companies are given: moderate expansion, concern for risk, moderate centralization, scientific decision-making, effective communication and teamwork.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.3

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